G A LA X I E S DHMHTRA

G A LA X I E S DHMHTRA RHGOPOULOU Max- Planck- Institut fuer extr. Physik and Astrophysics Dept, University of Oxford

Eisagwgh Merikoi orismoi Morfologikh taxinomhsh galaxiwn Tu oi galaxiwn Galaxiake sugkrousei Schmatismo kai exelixh Galaxie - astrikh dhmiourgia

Eto fwto (light year): h a ostash ou dianuei to fw (u = 3 x 10 5 km/s) se ena crono 1 light year = 9. 46 x 10 12 km Parsek (parsec) : isodunamei me thn a ostash sthn o oia h aktina eristofh th Gh isodunamei me 1 le to tou toxou (1 arcsec) Gh =a/ r r a Hlio r = a / (rad) r = 206265 a / 1 pc = 3. 26 eth fwto a : astronomikh monada (a ostash Hliou -Gh )

Merikoi ariqmoi: a-kentaurou: arallaxh 0. 75 deut. tou toxou a ostash 1. 33 pc. Hlio : 8. 5 kpc a o to kentro tou galaxia Galaxia - Andromeda: 0. 7 Mpc QSOs 3000 Mpc = 9000 000 - 10 000 000 eth fwto

Galaxia Apotelountai apo astere (merike x 100000) mesoastriko aerio, mesoastrikh skonh Barutike dunamei Megeqh: 10000 -- 20000 eth fwto Fwteinothta: 10 9 -- 10 14 L Smhnh galaxiwn (1000000 -- 2000000 eth fwto ) 70% einai speiroeidei omoioi me ton diko ma Galaxia

Charles Messier 1700’s Parathrhse gia rwth fora nefelwmata ou den htan lanhte oute astere Prwto katalogo galaxiwn (103) Herschel (1792 -1871) rwto katalogo galaxiwn First General Catalogue Isaac Newton Telescope

Galaxiakh domh koinh gia olou tou galaxie

Taxinomhsh kata Hubble

Kanonikoi Speiroeidei Elleiptikoi M 94 -Sa M 87 -E 0 M 110 -E 5 M 81 -Sb M 101 -Sc M 91 -SBb M 61 -SBc M 86 -S 0 M 95 -SBa Speiroeidei me rabdo

Elleiptikoi schma e latusmenou sfairoeidou , lam rothta ellatwnetai a o to kentro ro to ceilo tou diskou. Analoga me th fainomenh latunsh Z = 10 (a-b) /a O ou a kai b megalo kai mikro axona E 0, E 1, . . E 7 (z=7) E 0 E 4 E 7

Paradeigmata ellei tikwn galaxiwn Fwtografie me to HST . . . merike fore m oroume na doume ta asteria eno galaxia (M 32)

Speiroeidei galaxie Kanonikoi Rabdwtoi Lam roi bracione , summetrikoi w ro to kentro Kanonikoi: bracione xekinoun a euqeia a o Ton urhna (Sa, Sb, Sc) Rabdwtoi: bracione xekinoun a o ta akra mia Rabdou (Sba, SBb, SBc) Analoga me to anoigma twn bracionwn kai thn ufh tou.

Paradeigmata s eiroeidwn galaxiwn GALAXY NGC 4639 M 100 NGC 1365 HST –WFPC 2

Anwmaloi galaxie Cwri kanonikh domh Irr. I : den ecoun urhna, omoioi me Sc To astriko eriecomeno omoio me auto twn s eiroeidwn iqanh exelixh twn anomalwn se s eiroeidh ; Irr II: idiomorfie twn Irr. I Akanonisto schma amorfh domh cwri s eire olla le eroce astrikh dhmiourgia

NGC 2363 HST-WFPC 2

Taxinomhsh me bash th qesh tou ston ouranio qolo

Smhnh Galaxiwn Abell 0957

Oi geitonikoi galaxie se a ostash 1000 kpc a o to diko ma galaxia

Sugkrousei Galaxiwn

Arp 273 : Allhle idrasei metaxu galaxiwn Oi sugkrouomenoi galaxie anhkoun ston asterismo th Andromeda. 200 ekat. eth fwto. NE galaxia : diataraxh tou diskou alla kanoniko urhna SW galaxia : nuclear Starburst (LINER) Eikona a o to NRAO (yeudo-crwmata)

The Carthweel Galaxy : Entone sugkrousei 500 ekat. eth fwto makria (daktulio 150000 e. f. diametro!) (tacuthta 200000 milia thn wra!) daktulio to kentro tou galaxia Sugkroush duo galaxiwn me a otelesma thn enarxh entonh astrikh dhmiourgia sto kentro (HST optical, near-infrared composite image)

H skhnh tou egklhmato Me bash arathrhsei sta radiokumata h oreia tou galaxia ou rokalese th sugkroush m orei na diereunhqei

Oi galaxie ou a artizoun to susthma Antenna 63 ekat eth fwto , 1 000 smhnh newn asterwn

Barnes & Hernquist : Proswmoiwsei sugkrousewn se megalou HU

Barnes & Hernquist

Pw schmatizontai oi galaxie ; Megalh maza ou dias atai (Monolithic Collapse) dias ash stroformh Meta a o 1 x 10 7 cronia

Mikre sugkentrwsei ulikou ou sunenwqhkan me to erasma tou cronou (Hierarchical Model for Formation)

M. Steinmetz

Exelixh twn galaxiwn

Ta crwmata twn galaxiwn

Pw oi galaxie dhmiourgoun astere

Ruqmo astrikh dhmiourgia crono Elleiptiko galaxia (palaioi astere ston purhna) Speiroeidh galaxia purhna kokkino = palaioi astere disko mple = neoi astere