FYPSCHOOL OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING FACULTY OF ENGINEERING Substrate
FYPSCHOOL OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING FACULTY OF ENGINEERING Substrate Integrated Waveguide (SIW) for Millimeter Wave Siti Nadia Bazle 4 SKEL/B 16 KE 0051 Dr Farid bin Zubir
FYPSCHOOL OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING FACULTY OF ENGINEERING INTRODUCTION • Millimeter wave usually considered to be in the range of 10 mm to 1 mm for wavelength and 28 GHz -300 GHz for radio band frequency. • Millimeter wave is well known as exteremely high frequency. • The strength of this SIW will be determine by the frequency that they are serving. • SIW is a class efficient integrated transmission lines which compatible with planar technologies. • SIW offers incomparable self-consistent shielding and high-quality factor performances.
FYPSCHOOL OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING FACULTY OF ENGINEERING PROBLEM STATEMENT Many current wireless system operate at high frequency (3 MHz to 30 MHz), very high frequency (30 MHz to 300 MHz) and ultra high frequency (300 MHz to 3 GHz) band. However, there is a need to go beyond such frequency spectrum to meet today’s need. As the number of users increases, fast and quick communication has always been in demand for wireless communication network. Classical rectangular waveguide is well known to operate at high frequency, but it is not suitable to use classical rectangular waveguide as the structure of classical waveguide makes it difficult to integrate to planar active components and planar lines such as microstrip line and other external circuit. Hence, SIW is the alternative instead of using classical rectangular waveguide.
FYPSCHOOL OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING FACULTY OF ENGINEERING OBJECTIVES. • To design a SIW that is operating at extremely high frequency which is 30 GHz. • To prove that SIW can behave similarly as conventional rectangular waveguide
FYPSCHOOL OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING FACULTY OF ENGINEERING SCOPE OF WORK • Study the concept of millimeter wave, the waveguide that are best performing in millimeter wave and substrate integrated waveguide. • Design, simulate and analyse the performance of rectangular waveguide and substrate integrated waveguide and compare the simulation result by using CST software. • Analysed the result such as return loss and percentage of reflected power. • Documentation in writing report and journal paper.
FYPSCHOOL OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING FACULTY OF ENGINEERING LITERATURE REVIEW TITLE AUTHORS SUMMARY The Design of High Gain Caroline Sebastian, V. J • The design and implementation of Substrate Integrated Amirtha Vijina, circularly polarized SIW antenna in X Waveguide Antenna Ramesh R, Usha Kiran band. K. • This paper present the design techniques for SIW using slots with the Publish in 2016 integration of micro strip. Substrate Integrated Waveguide Antenna Tarek Djerafi, Ali Doghri & Ke Wu. Publish in 2015 • SIW can be designed as open waveguiding structures and energy leaking will take place when the uniformity of those guides is pertubated. • The leakage effects maybe used positively for the design of antenna by deliberately introduced perturbation in the guided so they radiate in controlled fashion.
FYPSCHOOL OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING FACULTY OF ENGINEERING TITLE AUTHORS SUMMARY Millimeter wave Substrate Integrated Waveguide Antennas : Design and Fabrication Analysis M. Henry, C. E Free, Bs Izqueirdo, J. Batchelor & P. Young • Substrate Integrated Waveguide Antenna and Arrays. Pampa Debnath & Sayan Chatterjee Leaky wave theory, techniques, and applications: From Microwave to visible frequencies. Francesco Monticone & Andrea Alu • • Publish in 2016 • • Publish in 2017 Publish in 2015 • • • This paper present a new concept antenna design by using a photo-imageable thick film process. Then it was used to integrate a waveguide antenna within a multilayer structure. The antennas were formed from miniature slotted waveguide arrays using up to 18 layers of photoimageable material. Provide an impression and exploitation of SIW based antenna design. This subject to different structures, feeding mechanism and also performances. Leaky wave has been among the most active area of research. Revisiting the fundamental concepts of leaky wave theory. Discuss and connect different relevant research activities in which leaky wave concepts has been applied.
FYPSCHOOL OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING FACULTY OF ENGINEERING WHY MILLIMETER WAVE? • The guided wavelength is small for this frequency spectrum. • Larger bandwidth can be obtain at MM wave frequency. • Narrow beamwidth can be obtain at this frequency spectrum. • It is beneficial for short distance data exchanges. • There are inherentely directional and electronically steerable antenna array.
FYPSCHOOL OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING FACULTY OF ENGINEERING WHY SIW? • Similar propagation characteristics including the field pattern and dispersion characteristic with conventional rectangular waveguide. • Can operate at high frequency. • SIW has high quality factor, high power handling capabilities, and self consistent electrical shielding. • SIW has the opportunity to fabricate all components including active and passive components as well as antennas on the same substrate.
FYPSCHOOL OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING FACULTY OF ENGINEERING SIW STRUCTURE DESIGN • integrated waveguide-like and planar structures • created by adding metallic ground planes to the top and bottom of a dielectric substrate • two periodic rows of metallic vias or slots are used to connect the top and bottom ground planes Basic Parameter to design SIW. • Width of the waveguide (a) • Diameter of metallic vias (d) • Distance between two consecutive vias (p) • Height of dielectric substrate (h)
FYPSCHOOL OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING FACULTY OF ENGINEERING RESEARCH METHODOLOGY Analysed the design by calculating the parameters using equations N Simulate the design Y Data analysis collection for result simulation Finalize the design of SIW N Simulate the proposed design Y Documentation
FYPSCHOOL OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING FACULTY OF ENGINEERING MILESTONE
FYPSCHOOL OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING FACULTY OF ENGINEERING SIW DESIGN EQUATION • The cut off frequency of arbitrary mode is found by the following formula: • The size of rectangular waveguide and SIW antenna are related and can be calculated by using equations below. c : speed of light fc: cut-off frequency Er: Permittivity aequ a
FYPSCHOOL OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING FACULTY OF ENGINEERING Waveguide Frequency band Band Frequency Range R Band 1. 70 to 2. 60 GHz D Band 2. 20 to 3. 30 GHz S Band 2. 60 to 3. 95 GHz E Band 3. 30 to 4. 90 GHz G Band 3. 95 to 5. 85 GHz F Band 4. 90 to 7. 05 GHz C Band 5. 85 to 8. 20 GHz H Band 7. 05 to 10. 10 GHz X Band 8. 20 to 12. 4 GHz Ku Band 12. 4 to 18. 0 GHz K Band 15. 0 to 26. 5 GHz Ka Band 26. 5 to 40. 0 GHz Q Band 33 to 50 GHz
FYPSCHOOL OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING FACULTY OF ENGINEERING DESIGN SPECIFICATION SIZE DIMENSION FOR SIW • Cut-off frequency (fc) is set to be 30 GHz. • S 1, 1 to achieve at least -10 Db. • S 2, 1 equals to 0 Db. Cut-off Frequency fc Substrate Material 30 GHz RT 5880 Thickness of the substrate t 1. 6 mm Length l 30 mm Distance between two consecutive vias a 4. 045 mm Diameter of vias d 0. 8 mm Period of vias p 1. 6 mm
FYPSCHOOL OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING FACULTY OF ENGINEERING RESULT(CST) AND DISCUSSION • SIW based on the calculation and design specification. • Result of S-Parameter for SIW. • From the result we can see that the SIW is operating at a very wide band from 20 GHz to 57. 5 GHz.
FYPSCHOOL OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING FACULTY OF ENGINEERING SIW with different length S 1, 1 parameter result for length : 10 mm, 20 mm and 30 mm 20 mm 30 mm 10 mm • SIW still operating at high frequency even though the length of SIW varies. • The best result is from SIW which has 10 mm length as it gives around -52 db at frequency 43 GHz.
FYPSCHOOL OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING FACULTY OF ENGINEERING SIW with different thickness (h) • S 1, 1 parameter result for SIW antenna that has different thickness which are 0. 8 mm, 1. 6 mm and 3. 2 mm. • The results for all the thickness are almost the same. • The results of SIW still gives low reflected power and can operate at high frequency.
FYPSCHOOL OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING FACULTY OF ENGINEERING SIW with different diameter (d) • S 1, 1 parameter result for SIW antenna that has different diameter of the vias which are 0. 6 mm, 0. 7 mm, 0. 8 mm, 0. 9 mm and 1 mm. • The other parameter are constant. 0. 6 mm 1 mm
FYPSCHOOL OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING FACULTY OF ENGINEERING SIW with different width (a) • S 1, 1 parameter result for SIW antenna that has different thickness which are 3. 045 mm, 3. 545 mm, 4. 045 mm, 4. 545 mm and 5. 045 mm. • The other parameter are constant.
FYPSCHOOL OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING FACULTY OF ENGINEERING SIW with different distance between vias to the edge • S 1, 1 parameter result for SIW antenna that has different distant from the vias to the edge of the antenna which are 1 mm, 1. 5 mm, 2. 5 mm and 3 mm. • The other parameter are constant.
FYPSCHOOL OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING FACULTY OF ENGINEERING Substrate Integrated horn waveguide SIW horn is designed based on the based results of parameters tested before. It was design based on the conventional rectangular horn waveguide. Below is the S-Parameter result for SIW horn. • We can see that the SParameter result for SIW hon is not good as the rectangular SIW. • There is possibilities that the results will be better with the correct techniques in designing the SIW horn.
FYPSCHOOL OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING FACULTY OF ENGINEERING CONCLUSION • All theory and background related to SIW are covered. • SIW antenna can operate at high frequency which is millimeter wave. • SIW are antenna potential candidate to replace conventional waveguide antenna.
FYPSCHOOL OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING FACULTY OF ENGINEERING REFERENCES [1] Shraman Gupta, Analysis and Design of Substrate Integrated Waveguide-based Antenna for Millimeter Wave Applications. (May 2016) [2]Maurizio Bozzi, Feng Xu, Dominic Deslandes, Ke Wu, Modeling and Design Consideration for Substrate Integrated Waveguide Circyits and Components. (2007). [3]Substrate Integrated Waveguide, https: //www. microwaves 101. com/encyclopedias/substrate-integrated-waveguide , (2011) [4] M. Henry, C. E Free, Bs Izqueirdo, J. Batchelor & P. Young , Millimeter wave Substrate Integrated Waveguide Antennas : Design and Fabrication Analysis, (2015) [5] T. S Rappaport, R. Mayzus, Y. Azar, K. Wang, G. N. Wong, J. K. Schulz, M. Samimi and F. Gutierrez, “Millimeter Wave Mobile Communications for 5 G Cellular. It Will Work!. ”, 2013 in IEEE Access, vol 1, pp. 335 -349.
FYPSCHOOL OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING FACULTY OF ENGINEERING [6]A. Ghosh, T. A. Thomas, M. C. Cudak, R. Ratasuk, P. Moorut, F. W. Vook, T. S. Rappaport, G. R. Mac. Cartney, S. Sun and S. Nie, "Millimeter-Wave Enhanced Local Area. Systems: A High-Data-Rate Approach for Future Wireless Networks, ", June 2014 in IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, vol. 32, no. 6, pp. 1152– 1163. [7] Gupta, S. "Analysis and Design of Substrate Integrated Waveguide-based Antennas for Millimeter Wave Applications" , 2016 (Doctoral dissertation, Concordia University). [8] Debnath, P. , & Chatterjee, S. (2017, April). "Substrate integrated waveguide antennas and arrays", 2017, In Electronics, Materials Engineering and Nano-Technology (IEMENTech), 1 st International Conference on (pp. 1 -6). IEEE. [9] Wu, L. "Substrate Integrated Waveguide Antenna Applications", (2015), University of Kent. [10] Guo, Y. "Designs of Substrate Integrated Waveguide (SIW) and Its Transition to Rectangular Waveguide" (2015). [11] H. Zhao, R. Mayzus, S. Sun, M. Samimi, J. Schulz, Y. Azar, K. Wang, G. Wong, F. Gutierrez and T. Rappaport, "28 GHz Millimeter Wave Cellular Communication Measurements for Reflection and Penetration Loss in and around Buildings in New York City, " June 2013 in Communications (ICC), 2013 IEEE International Conference on , vol. , no. , pp. 5163, 5167, 9 -13
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