FUTURE TIME Ch 3 Be going to Will
FUTURE TIME Ch. 3
Be going to + Will (3 -1) ■ Be going to and will are used to express future time ■ MOST of the time be going to and will have the same meaning (you can use them interchangeably) ■ I am going to go to the store tomorrow. ■ I will go to the store tomorrow. ■ I am going to see a movie on Saturday. ■ I will see a movie on Saturday.
Be Going To + Will (3 -1) ■ Today, Tonight, and This + morning/afternoon/evening/week/etc. – Can express present, past, or future time depending on what verbs you use them with. ■ Sam IS in his office THIS MORNING. – present ■ Ann WAS in her office THIS MORNING at eight, but now she’s at a meeting. – past ■ Bob IS GOING TO BE in his office THIS MORNING after his dentist appointment. – future
Shall (3 -1) ■ Shall can be used in place of be going to/will with I or WE as the subject. – I shall leave at nine tomorrow morning. – I will leave at nine tomorrow morning. – I am going to leave at nine tomorrow morning. ■ This is very, very formal, so we hardly ever use it.
Be Going To (3 -2) ■ Be (am/is/are) + Going To + Simple Form of Verb (Statement) – It is going to rain tonight – She is going to Harvard Law next fall. ■ Be (am/is/are) + NOT + Going To + Simple Form of Verb (Negative) – It is not going to rain tonight. – She is not going to Harvard Law next fall. She decided to go to Yale. ■ Be (am/is/are) + Subject + Going to + Simple Form of Verb (Yes/No ? ) – Is it going to rain tonight? – Is she going to Harvard Law next fall?
“Gonna” (3 -2) ■ We usually use be going to when speaking. ■ When speaking, we often get lazy and shorten be going to into “gonna” ■ We do NOT use “gonna” in writing! ■ Hurry up! We’re gonna be late! ■ You’d better study for your test or you’re gonna be sorry.
Listening Practice ■ Complete Exercise 6, p. 58
Practice ■ Complete Exercise 4, p. 57 ■ Complete Exercise 8, p. 59 – WRITE your responses.
Will (3 -3) ■ Will + Simple Form of Verb (Statement) – I will grade your quizzes soon. – She will take the TSI test at the end of the semester. ■ Will + NOT + Simple Form of Verb (Negative) – I will not grade your quizzes tonight. – She will not take the TSI test at the end of the semester. She still needs to take level 4. ■ Will + Subject + Simple Form of Verb (Yes/No ? ) – Will you grade our quizzes soon? – Will she take the TSI test at the end of the semester?
Will – Contractions (3 -3) ■ Will is usually contracted with pronouns in speech and INFORMAL writing: – I will = I’ll – You will = you’ll – She will = she’ll – He will = he’ll – It will = it’ll – We will = we’ll – They will = they’ll ■ Will is often contracted with nouns in speech, but NOT in writing: – Bob will = Bob’ll – The teacher will = the teacher’ll
Listening Practice ■ Complete Exercises 10 and 11, p. 60 -61
Certainty About the Future (3 -4) ■ 100% Sure = be going to/will – Use will or be going to in order to state a fact about the future. Something you are CERTAIN will happen – – I will be in class tomorrow. I am going to walk the dogs tomorrow evening. I will teach classes in the spring. You will take a final exam at the end of the semester.
Certainty About the Future (3 -4) ■ 90% Sure = will + PROBABLY / be PROBABLY going to – Probably is used to say that you EXPECT something to happen but are not 100% sure. – You are ALMOST sure, but not completely sure. – You will probably have a test next week. ■ Note word order with statement: will + probably + verb – You probably will not have a test this week. ■ Note word order with negative: probably + will + not + verb – I am probably going to see a movie on Saturday. ■ Note word order with statement: be + probably + going to + verb – I am probably not going to see a movie on Saturday. ■ Note word order with negative: be + probably + not + going to + verb
Certainty About the Future (3 -4) ■ 50% Sure – MAY or MAYBE – May or Maybe express a future possibility (a guess), something that might or might not happen. – May is used in place or will or be going to: ■ ■ I may visit my family in October. I may not visit my family in October. – Maybe is used WITH will or be going to: ■ ■ Maybe I will take a nap when I get home, and maybe I won’t. Maybe you are going to have a quiz tomorrow, and maybe you aren’t. – Note: Maybe always comes at the BEGINNING of a sentence
Practice ■ Complete Exercise 14 (write whole sentences for answers), Exercise 15, and Exercise 18, p. 63 -64
Be Going To vs. Will (3 -5) ■ Be going to and will mean the same when they are used to make predictions about the future. – My students will pass because they study hard. – My students are going to pass because they study hard. ■ Be going to is used to express a prior plan (a plan made before the time you speak about it) – I am packing up some of my things because I am going to buy a house this spring. (The speaker plans to buy a house) – She is not coming to the party. She is going to work an extra shift instead. (She plans to work) ■ Will is used to express a quick decision (a decision you make at the moment of speaking) – Your arms are full. I will open the door for you. (the speaker volunteers or decides at the immediate present moment to help – he/she didn’t have a prior plan to help) – Would someone please erase the board for me? I will!
Practice ■ Complete Exercises 20, 21 (in writing), and 22, p. 66 -67
Expressing the Future in Time Clauses + If Clauses (3 -6) ■ Time clauses can be used in sentences talking about the future. – (before/after/when/as soon as/until/while + subject + verb) ■ The simple present is used in the time clause. Will/Be going to are used in the main (independent) clause. – BEFORE I GO HOME TONIGHT, I’m going to stop at the store. – AFTER I EAT LUNCH, I will teach another class. – I will give him your message WHEN I SEE HIM. – I am going to stay home this weekend WHILE THE FOOTBALL GAME IS ON.
Expressing the Future in Time Clauses + If Clauses (3 -6) ■ If Clause = IF + Subject + Verb ■ When the sentence is about the future, use SIMPLE PRESENT in the IF Clause and be going to/will in the main (independent) clause. ■ If it rains tomorrow, I am not going to take the dogs for a walk. ■ Angie missed the first two weeks of class. If she misses class tomorrow, she will be dropped. ■ I will go to a movie on Saturday if one I like is playing. ■ My students are going to have a test next week if we finish chapter 3.
Practice ■ Complete Exercises 25, 26, 28, 29, and 30 – p. 68 -71
Using the Present Progressive to Express Future Time (3 -7) ■ The present progressive (am/is/are + verb-ing) can be used to express future time. ■ When used for the future, the present progressive can be used in place of be going to in order to describe DEFINITE PLANS for the future – plans that were made before the moment of speaking: – Tim is going to come to the party tomorrow. – Tim is coming to the party tomorrow. – I ‘m going to grade your quizzes tomorrow. – I’m grading your quizzes tomorrow. ■ To express the future, the present progressive needs to be used with a future time word (or may be indicated by the context of the discussion)
Using the Present Progressive to Express Future Time (3 -7) ■ Be (am/is/are) + Verb + -ing ■ She is leaving. (indicates she’s leaving NOW) ■ She is leaving in a few minutes (indicates action in the future) ■ They are studying for the test. (NOW) ■ They are studying tonight for the test. (Future)
Practice ■ Complete Exercise 32, p. 72
Simple Present to Express Future Time (3 -8) ■ The simple present can express future time when describing events that are on a definite schedule or timetable. – My plane arrives at 7: 35 a. m. tomorrow. – Tim’s new job starts next week. – Our semester ends on December 11 th. – There is a test in conversation class tomorrow. ■ Only a few verbs are used in the simple present to express future time: – Arrive – Leave – Start – Begin – End – Finish – Open – Close – Be (am/is/are)
Practice ■ Complete Exercise 37, p. 74 -75
Immediate Future: Be About To (3 -9) ■ Be About To is an idiom expressing an activity that will happen in the immediate future (usually within minutes or seconds of talking about it) ■ Ann’s bags are packed, and she is wearing her coat. She IS ABOUT TO LEAVE for the airport. ■ Be quiet! The movie IS ABOUT TO BEGIN. ■ The teacher has a stack of papers in her hand. She IS ABOUT TO GIVE us a quiz! ■ We use Be About To in speaking, but NOT writing
Parallel Verbs (3 -10) ■ Often a subject is followed by two verbs connected with AND. We say these two verbs are parallel: – Verb + and + Verb ■ ■ ■ Jim makes his bed and cleans his room every morning. I walk and feed the dogs every day. She goes to school and works full time.
Parallel Verbs (3 -10) ■ It is NOT necessary to repeat a helping verb (an auxiliary verb) when two verbs are the same tense and are connected by and. – Ann is cooking dinner and (is) talking on the phone at the same time. – Jane will see a movie Saturday and (will) go to the party Sunday. – He is going to study tonight for the test and (is going to) write his essay tomorrow.
Practice ■ Complete Exercises 42, 43, and 45 p. 77 -79
Quiz: Using Grammar in Writing ■ Complete Exercise 46, p. 80 ■ Write your paragraph on a separate sheet of paper. ■ DUE NEXT CLASS
- Slides: 30