Future Passive Participle Gerundive Passive Periphrastic Future Passive

Future Passive Participle Gerundive Passive Periphrastic

Future Passive Participle To form FPP: • present stem + ndus, nda, ndum (with letters “ie” on stem of 3 rd io & 4 th conjugation verbs • amo, amāre • mereo, merēre • rego, regere • capio, capere • invenio, invenīre

Future Passive Participle • present stem + ndus, nda, ndum (with letters “ie” on stem of 3 rd io & 4 th conjugation verbs amo, amāre amandus, a, um • mereo, merēre • • rego, regere • capio, capere • invenio, invenīre

Future Passive Participle • present stem + ndus, nda, ndum (with letters “ie” on stem of 3 rd io & 4 th conjugation verbs amo, amāre amandus, a, um • mereo, merēre merendus, a, um • rego, regere • • capio, capere • invenio, invenīre

Future Passive Participle • present stem + ndus, nda, ndum (with letters “ie” on stem of 3 rd io & 4 th conjugation verbs amo, amāre amandus, a, um • mereo, merēre merendus, a, um • rego, regere regendus, a, um • capio, capere • • invenio, invenīre

Future Passive Participle • • present stem + -ndus, nda, • ndum (with letters “ie” on stem of 3 rd io & • 4 th conjugation verbs • • amo, amāre amandus, a, um mereo, merēre merendus, a, um rego, regere regendus, a, um capio, capere capiendus, a, um invenio, invenīre

Future Passive Participle • • present stem + ndus, nda, ndum • (with letters “ie” on stem of 3 rd io & 4 th conjugation verbs • • • amo, amāre amandus, a, um mereo, merēre merendus, a, um rego, regere regendus, a, um capio, capere capiendus, a, um invenio, invenīre inveniendus, a, um

Gerund • a verbal noun • has 4 forms (like a neuter noun): genitive, dative, accusative, and ablative • no nominative: infinitive instead N infinitive G ī D ō Acc um Abl ō

Gerund • to show purpose: Ad hostes Romani • causā or gratiā milites pugnandi with genitive causā accedunt. (“for the sake of”) • ad with accusative

Gerund • to show purpose: Ad hostes Romani • causā or gratiā milites pugnandi with genitive causā accedunt. (“for the sake of”) • ad with Roman soldiers accusative advance toward the enemy for the sake of fighting.

Gerundive • a verbal adjective • takes a 1 st or 2 nd declension ending Ad hostes Romani milites pugnandorum Gallorum causā accedunt.

Gerundive • a verbal adjective • takes a 1 st or 2 nd declension ending Ad hostes Romani milites pugnandorum Gallorum causā accedunt. Roman soldiers approach the enemy for the sake of fighting the Gauls.

Passive Periphrastic • shows an obligation Cives Romani clamaverunt: • est or sunt = must “Nero (be), have to (be), has interficiendus to (be) est!” • erat or erant = had to (be)

Passive Periphrastic Cives Romani • shows an obligation clamaverunt: “Nero • est or sunt = must interficiendus est!” (be), have to (be), has to (be) • erat or erant = had to (be) Roman citizens shouted: “Nero must be killed!”

Passive Periphrastic • shows an obligation FPP accompanied by: • est or sunt = must (be), have to (be), has to (be) • erat or erant = had to (be) • infinitive in indirect statement Dative of Agent • person upon whom obligation rests goes in dative case • NO Latin preposition

Passive Periphrastic Pax ducibus nostris petenda erat. Dative of Agent • person upon whom obligation rests goes in dative case • NO Latin preposition

Passive Periphrastic Pax ducibus nostris petenda erat. Peace had to be sought by our leaders. OR Dative of Agent • person upon whom obligation rests goes in dative case • NO Latin preposition

Passive Periphrastic Pax ducibus nostris petenda erat. Our leaders had to seek peace. Dative of Agent • person upon whom obligation rests goes in dative case • NO Latin preposition

Review: ID as G, GV, or PP 1) Igno viso, ex urbe ad montes omnes Romani salutis inveniendae gratiā fugerunt. 2) Scimus magistras linguae Latinae omnibus discipulis laudandas esse! 3) Ut linguam Latinam bene legeremus, studendō nos dedimus.

Review: ID as G, GV, or PP 1) Igno viso, ex urbe ad montes omnes Romani salutis inveniendae gratiā fugerunt. GV After the fire had been seen, all Romans fled from the city to the mountains for the sake of finding safety. 2) Scimus magistras linguae Latinae omnibus discipulis laudandas esse!

Review: ID as G, GV, or PP 1) Igno viso, ex urbe ad montes omnes Romani salutis inveniendae gratiā fugerunt. GV 2) Scimus magistras linguae Latinae omnibus discipulis laudandas esse! PP We know that teachers of the Latin language must be praised by students! 3) Ut linguam Latinam bene legeremus, studendō nos dedimus.

Review: ID as G, GV, or PP 1) Igno viso, ex urbe ad montes omnes Romani salutis inveniendae gratiā fugerunt. GV 2) Scimus magistras linguae Latinae omnibus discipulis laudandas esse! PP 3) Ut linguam Latinam bene legeremus, studendō nos dedimus. G In order to read the Latin language well, we gave ourselves to studying.

Review: ID as G, GV, or PP 1) Igno viso, ex urbe ad montes omnes Romani salutis inveniendae gratiā fugerunt. GV 2) Scimus magistras linguae Latinae omnibus discipulis laudandas esse! PP 3) Ut linguam Latinam bene legeremus, studendō nos dedimus. G

Quid est in equo? ! Timeo Graecos dona ferentes.

Quid est in equo? ! Timeo Graecos dona ferentes. What is in the horse? ! I fear Greeks bearing gifts.

“Res publica, ” Cicero dixit, “semper conservanda est. ”

“Res publica, ” Cicero dixit, “semper conservanda est. ” Cicero said, “The republic must always be preserved. ”

Discipulus studendo se dedicavit.

Discipulus studendo se dedicavit. The student dedicated himself to studying.

Optime, discipuli et discipulae!