Future Circular Collider FCC Study M Benedikt gratefully

Future Circular Collider (FCC) Study M. Benedikt gratefully acknowledging input from FCC global design study team Future Circular Collider Study Michael Benedikt Epiphany 2015 Cracow, 8 th January 2015 1

Outline • Introduction, motivation, scope • Parameters & design challenges • Study organization and status • Summary Future Circular Collider Study Michael Benedikt Epiphany 2015 Cracow, 8 th January 2015 2

Summary: European Strategy Update 2013 Design studies and R&D at the energy frontier …. “to propose an ambitious post-LHC accelerator project at CERN by the time of the next Strategy update”: d) CERN should undertake design studies for accelerator projects in a global context, • with emphasis on proton-proton and electron-positron highenergy frontier machines. • These design studies should be coupled to a vigorous accelerator R&D programme, including high-field magnets and highgradient accelerating structures, • in collaboration with national institutes, laboratories and universities worldwide. • http: //cds. cern. ch/record/1567258/files/esc-e-106. pdf strategy adopted at Brussels in May 2013, during exceptional session of the CERN Council in presence of the European Commission Future Circular Collider Study Michael Benedikt Epiphany 2015 Cracow, 8 th January 2015 3

Future Circular Collider Study - SCOPE CDR and cost review for the next ESU (2018) Forming an international collaboration to study: • pp-collider (FCC-hh) main emphasis, defining infrastructure requirements ~16 T 100 Te. V pp in 100 km ~20 T 100 Te. V pp in 80 km • 80 -100 km infrastructure in Geneva area • e+e- collider (FCC-ee) as potential intermediate step • p-e (FCC-he) option Future Circular Collider Study Michael Benedikt Epiphany 2015 Cracow, 8 th January 2015

Cep. C/Spp. C study (CAS-IHEP), Cep. C CDR end of 2014, e+e- collisions ~2028; pp collisions ~2042 Qinhuangdao (秦皇岛） Cep. C, Spp. C 54 km 70 km Future Circular Collider Study Michael Benedikt Epiphany 2015 Cracow, 8 th January 2015 Yifang Wang easy access 300 km from Beijing 3 h by car 1 h by train “Chinese Toscana”

Previous studies in Italy (ELOISATRON 300 km), USA (SSC 87 km, VLHC 233 km), Japan (TRISTAN-II 94 km) ex. ELOISATRON Supercolliders Superdetectors: Proceedings of the 19 th and 25 th Workshops of the INFN Eloisatron Project Many aspects ex. SSC ex. TRISTAN SSC CDR 1986 of machine design and R&D non-site specific. Tristan-II Exploit synergies with other projects and prev. studies option 2 ex. VLHC Design Study Group Collaboration June 2001. 271 pp. SLAC-R-591, SLAC-R-0591, SLAC-591, SLAC-0591, FERMILAB-TM-2149 Future Circular Collider Study Michael Benedikt Epiphany 2015 Cracow, 8 th January 2015 http: //www. vlhc. org/ H. Ulrich Wienands, The F. Takasaki SSC Low Energy Booster: Design and Tristan-II Component Prototypes option 1 for the First Injector Synchrotron, IEEE Press, 1997

FCC hadron collider motivation: pushing the energy frontier • Seems the only approach to reach the 100 Te. V c. m. range in the coming decades. • Access to new particles (direct production) in the few Te. V to 30 Te. V mass range, far beyond LHC reach. • Much-increased rates for phenomena in the sub-Te. V mass range →increased precision w. r. t. LHC and possibly ILC M. Mangano The name of the game of a hadron collider is energy reach Cf. LHC: factor 3 -4 in radius, factor 2 in field factor 7 -8 E Future Circular Collider Study Michael Benedikt Epiphany 2015 Cracow, 8 th January 2015 7

FCC-hh integration and options Geneva PS SPS LHC L. Bottura B. Strauss LHC 27 km, 8. 33 T 14 Te. V (c. m. ) “HE-LHC” 27 km, 20 T 33 Te. V (c. m. ) Future Circular Collider Study Michael Benedikt Epiphany 2015 Cracow, 8 th January 2015 FCC-hh (alternative) FCC-hh (baseline) 80 km, 20 T 100 km, 16 T 100 Te. V (c. m. ) 8

Hadron collider FCC-hh parameters • • Energy Circumference Dipole field (50 Te. V) Dipole field (3 Te. V inject. ) 100 Te. V c. m. ~ 100 km (baseline) [80 km option] ~ 16 T (baseline) [20 T option] ~ 1 T (baseline) [1. 2 T option] • • • Bunch spacing Bunch population (25 ns) Emittance normalised #bunches Stored beam energy 25 ns [5 ns option] 1 x 1011 p 2. 15 x 10 -6 m, normal. 10500 8. 2 GJ/beam • • • # Interaction Points b* Luminosity 2 main experiments 1. 1 m [baseline] 5 x 1034 cm-2 s-1 [baseline] • Synchroton radiation arc ~30 W/m/aperture (fill. fact. ~78% in arc) Future Circular Collider Study Michael Benedikt Epiphany 2015 Cracow, 8 th January 2015 Available from SPS/LHC today 3 Te. V injector baseline for FCC-hh 9

Preliminary layout First layout developed (different sizes under investigation) Collider ring design (lattice/hardware design) Site studies Injector studies Machine detector interface Input for lepton option Will need iterations Future Circular Collider Study Michael Benedikt Epiphany 2015 Cracow, 8 th January 2015 10

Site study 93 km example Y R NA I LIM E PR Preliminary conclusions: • 93 km fits geological situation really well, likely better than a smaller ring size. • 100 km tunnel seems also well compatible with geological considerations. • The LHC could be used as an injector J. Osborne & C. Cook Future Circular Collider Study Michael Benedikt Epiphany 2015 Cracow, 8 th January 2015

FCC-hh: high-field magnet R&D • FHC baseline is 16 T Nb 3 Sn technology for ~100 Te. V c. m. in ~100 km Develop Nb 3 Sn-based 16 T dipole technology (at 4. 2 K? ), - conductor developments - short models with sufficient aperture (40 – 50 mm) and - accelerator features (margin, field quality, protect-ability, cycled operation). Goal: 16 T short dipole models by 2018/19 (America, Asia, Europe) • In parallel HTS development targeting 20 T (option and longer term) Goal: Demonstrate HTS/LTS 20 T dipole technology: • 5 T insert (Eu. CARD 2), ~40 mm aperture and accelerator features • Outsert of large aperture ~100 mm, (FRESCA 2 or other) Future Circular Collider Study Michael Benedikt Epiphany 2015 Cracow, 8 th January 2015 12

15 -16 T: Nb-Ti. Key & Nb 3 design Sn 20 T: Nb-Ti & Nb 3 Sn & HTS issue: cost-optimized high-field dipole magnets Arc magnet system will be the major cost factor for FCC-hh “hybrid magnets” example block-coil layout Future Circular Collider Study Michael Benedikt Epiphany 2015 Cracow, 8 th January 2015 only a quarter is shown L. Rossi, E. Todesco, P. Mc. Intyre 13

SC magnets for detectors Dipole Field q Need BL 2 ~10 x ATLAS/CMS for 10% muon momentum resolution at 10 -20 Te. V. q Solenoid: B=5 T, Rin=5 -6 m, L=24 m size is x 2 CMS. Stored energy: ~ 50 GJ q > 5000 m 3 of Fe in return joke alternative: thin (twin) lower-B solenoid at larger R to capture return flux of main solenoid F. Gianotti, H. Ten Kate q Forward dipole à la LHCb: B~10 Tm Future Circular Collider Study Michael Benedikt Epiphany 2015 Cracow, 8 th January 2015 14

FCC-hh: some design challenges • Stored beam energy: 8 GJ/beam (0. 4 GJ LHC) = 16 GJ total equivalent to an Airbus A 380 (560 t) at full speed (850 km/h) Ø Collimation, beam loss control, radiation effects: very important Ø Injection/dumping/beam transfer: very critical operations Ø Magnet/machine protection: to be considered from early phase Future Circular Collider Study Michael Benedikt Epiphany 2015 Cracow, 8 th January 2015 15

Synchrotron radiation of protons At 50 Te. V even protons radiate significantly Critical energy 4. 3 ke. V, close to B-factory Protons loose energy • Radiation damping Emittance improves with time Useful for lumi levelling? Transverse damping time ~1 hour Future Circular Collider Study Michael Benedikt Epiphany 2015 Cracow, 8 th January 2015 16

Synchrotron radiation/beam screen High synchrotron radiation load (SR): ~30 W/m/beam (@16 T) 5 MW total in arcs (LHC <0. 2 W/m, total heat load 1 W/m) • • Beam screen to capture SR and “protect” cold mass Power mostly cooled at beam screen temperature; Only minor part going to magnets at 2 – 4 K Optimisation of temperature, space, vacuum, impedance, e-cloud required. Future Circular Collider Study Michael Benedikt Epiphany 2015 Cracow, 8 th January 2015 17

contributions: beam screen (BS) & cold bore (BS heat radiation) Cryo power for cooling of SR heat Contributions to cryo load: • beam screen (BS) & • cold bore (BS heat radiation) At 1. 9 K cm optimum BS temperature range: 50 -100 K; But impedance increases with temperature instabilities 40 -60 K favoured by vacuum & impedance considerations 100 MW refrigerator power on cryo plant P. Lebrun, L. Tavian Future Circular Collider Study Michael Benedikt Epiphany 2015 Cracow, 8 th January 2015 18

Lepton collider FCC-ee • Here the name of the game is luminosity: as many collisions as possible high beam current, small beam size. • The energy reach of circular e+e- colliders is limited due to synchrotron radiation of charged particles on curved trajectory: DE ∝ (Ekin/m 0)4/r mprot = 2000 melectr Future Circular Collider Study Michael Benedikt Epiphany 2015 Cracow, 8 th January 2015

Lepton collider FCC-ee parameters • Design choice: max. synchrotron radiation power 50 MW/beam • Defines the max. beam current at each energy • 4 Physics working points • Optimization at each energy (bunch number & current, etc). Parameter Z WW H ttbar LEP 2 E/beam (Ge. V) 45 80 120 175 104 I (m. A) 1450 152 30 6. 6 3 Bunches/beam 16700 4490 1360 98 4 Bunch popul. [1011] 1. 8 0. 7 0. 46 1. 4 4. 2 L/IP (1034 cm-2 s-1) 28. 0 12. 0 6. 0 1. 7 0. 012 • Large number of bunches at Z and WW and H requires 2 rings. • High luminosity means short beam lifetime (few mins) and requires continues injection. Future Circular Collider Study Michael Benedikt Epiphany 2015 Cracow, 8 th January 2015 20

FCC-ee: RF parameters and R&D Future Circular Collider Study Michael Benedikt Epiphany 2015 Cracow, 8 th January 2015 21

FCC-ee top-up injector Beside the collider ring(s), a booster of the same size (same tunnel) must provide beams for top-up injection o same RF voltage, but low power (~ MW) o top up frequency ~0. 1 Hz o booster injection energy ~5 -20 Ge. V o bypass around the experiments A. Blondel injector complex for e+ and e- beams of 10 -20 Ge. V o Super-KEKB injector ~ almost suitable Future Circular Collider Study Michael Benedikt Epiphany 2015 Cracow, 8 th January 2015 22

FCC-ee preliminary layout INJ + RF EXP + RF INJ + RF RF? COLL + EXTR + RF RF? EXP + RF Future Circular Collider Study Michael Benedikt Epiphany 2015 Cracow, 8 th January 2015 EXP + RF 23

FCC study status • Study launched at FCC kick-off meeting in Feb. 2014 • Presently forming a global collaboration based on general Mo. U between CERN and individual partners. Specific addenda for each participant. • First international collaboration board meeting on 9. and 10. September 2014 at CERN. Chair Prof. L. Rivkin (PSI/EPFL). • Design study proposal for EU support in the Horizon 2020 program was submitted, evaluation expected for Jan 2015. • First FCC Week workshop from 23. to 27. March in Washington DC. Future Circular Collider Study Michael Benedikt Epiphany 2015 Cracow, 8 th January 2015 24

FCC work plan study phase 2014 Q 1 Q 2 Q 3 2015 Q 4 Q 1 Q 2 Q 3 2016 Q 4 Q 1 Kick-off, collaboration Prepar forming, e study plan and organisation Ph 1: Explore options “weak interaction” Q 2 2017 Q 3 Q 4 Q 1 Q 2 Q 3 2018 Q 4 Q 1 Q 2 Q 3 Workshop & Review identification of baseline Ph 2: Conceptual study of baseline “strong interact. ” Workshop & Review, cost 4 large FCC Workshops 1 st FCC workshop 23 – 27 March 2015 model, LHC results study rescoping? Ph 3: Study consolidation Workshop & Review contents of CDR Report Release CDR & Workshop on next steps Future Circular Collider Study Michael Benedikt Epiphany 2015 Cracow, 8 th January 2015 25 Q 4

ESU today CERN roadmap and FCC planning CDR and Cost Review 2018 Project Kick-off meeting: 11 th Nov. 2013 (Daresbury) FCC Kick-off meeting February 2014 Study CDR and Cost Review for 2018 Future Circular Collider Study Michael Benedikt Epiphany 2015 Cracow, 8 th January 2015 26

FCC Mo. U Status 42 collaboration members & CERN as host institute , 7. Jan. 2015 Spain ALBA/CELLS, Duke U. , USA JAI/Oxford, UK U. Bern, Switzerland BINP, Russia CASE (SUNY/BNL), USA CBPF, Brazil CEA Grenoble, France CIEMAT, Spain CNRS, France Cockcroft Institute, UK U Colima, Mexico CSIC/IFIC, Spain TU Darmstadt, Germany DESY, Germany TU Dresden, Germany EPFL, Switzerland Gangneung-Wonju Nat. U. , Korea U Geneva, Switzerland Goethe U. Frankfurt, Germany GSI, Germany Hellenic Open U, Greece HEPHY, Austria IFJ PAN Krakow, Poland INFN, Italy INP Minsk, Belarus U Iowa, USA IPM, Iran Istanbul Aydin U. , Turkey Future Circular Collider Study Michael Benedikt Epiphany 2015 Cracow, 8 th January 2015 JINR Dubna, Russia KEK, Japan KIAS, Korea King’s College London, UK Korea U. Sejong, Korea MEPh. I, Russia Northern Illinois U. , USA NC PHEP Minsk, Belarus PSI, Switzerland Sapienza/Roma, Italy UC Santa Barbara, USA U Silesia, Poland TU Tampere, Finland 27

FCC Work and Organisation (i) Work/meeting structures established based on INDICO, see: - FCC Study: https: //indico. cern. ch/category/5153/ In particular: - FCC-hh Hadron Collider Physics and Experiments VIDYO meetings - https: //indico. cern. ch/category/5258/ - Contacts: michelangelo. mangano@cern. ch, fabiola. gianotti@cern. ch, austin. ball@cern. ch - FCC-ee Lepton Collider (TLEP) Physics and Experiments VIDYO meetings - https: //indico. cern. ch/category/5259/ - Contacts: alain. blondel@cern. ch, patrick. janot@cern. ch Future Circular Collider Study Michael Benedikt Epiphany 2015 Cracow, 8 th January 2015 28

FCC Work and Organisation (ii) - FCC-hh Hadron Collider VIDYO meetings - https: //indico. cern. ch/category/5263/ - Contacts: daniel. schulte@cern. ch - FCC-hadron injector meetings - https: //indico. cern. ch/category/5262/ - Contacts: brennan. goddard@cern. ch - FCC-ee (TLEP) Lepton Collider VIDYO meetings - https: //indico. cern. ch/category/5264/ - Contacts: jorg. wenninger@cern. ch, - FCC infrastructure meetings - https: //indico. cern. ch/category/5253/ - Contacts: philippe. lebrun@cern. ch, peter. sollander@cern. ch Future Circular Collider Study Michael Benedikt Epiphany 2015 Cracow, 8 th January 2015 29

First FCC Week Conference ++. . . Washington DC 23 -27 March 2015 http: //cern. ch/fccw 2015

First FCC Week, Washington DC 23 -27 March 2015 – DRAFT SCHEDULE hoping to see you there!

Conclusions • There are strongly rising activities in energy-frontier circular colliders worldwide. • The FCC collaboration is being formed with CERN as host laboratory, to conduct an international study for the design of Future Circular Colliders (FCC). • Worldwide collaboration in physics, experiments and accelerators will be essential to advance and reach the goal of a CDR by 2018. • FCC presents challenging R&D requirements in SC magnets, SRF and many other technical areas. • Need to establish global collaboration and use all synergies to move forward! Future Circular Collider Study Michael Benedikt Epiphany 2015 Cracow, 8 th January 2015 32