Future Circular Collider FCC Study M Benedikt F

Future Circular Collider (FCC) Study M. Benedikt, F. gratefully. Zimmermann acknowledging input from FCC global design study team Future Circular Collider Study Michael Benedikt DT Training Seminar 7 May 2015 1

Outline • • Motivation & scope Parameters & challenges Study organization Summary Future Circular Collider Study Michael Benedikt DT Training Seminar 7 May 2015 2

FCC Study - Motivation and Goal • European Strategy for Particle Physics 2013: “…to propose an ambitious post-LHC accelerator project…. . , CERN should undertake design studies for accelerator projects in a global context, …with emphasis on proton-proton and electron-positron high-energy frontier machines. . …” • US P 5 recommendation 2014: ”…. A very high-energy proton-proton collider is the most powerful tool for direct discovery of new particles and interactions under any scenario of physics results that can be acquired in the P 5 time window…. ” • Goal: Conceptual Design Report by end 2018, in time for next European Strategy Update Future Circular Collider Study Michael Benedikt DT Training Seminar 7 May 2015

Future Circular Collider Study - SCOPE CDR and cost review for the next ESU (2018) Forming an international collaboration to study: • pp-collider (FCC-hh) main emphasis, defining infrastructure requirements ~16 T 100 Te. V pp in 100 km ~20 T 100 Te. V pp in 80 km • 80 -100 km infrastructure in Geneva area • e+e- collider (FCC-ee) as potential intermediate step • p-e (FCC-he) option Future Circular Collider Study Michael Benedikt DT Training Seminar 7 May 2015

Cep. C/Spp. C study (CAS-IHEP), Cep. C CDR end of 2014, e+e- collisions ~2028; pp collisions ~2042 Qinhuangdao (秦皇岛） Cep. C, Spp. C 50 km 70 km Future Circular Collider Study Michael Benedikt DT Training Seminar 7 May 2015 easy access 300 km from Beijing 3 h by car 1 h by train “Chinese Toscana” Yifang Wang

Scope: Accelerator & Infrastructure FCC-hh: 100 Te. V pp collider as long-term goal defines infrastructure needs FCC-ee: e+e- collider, potential intermediate step FCC-he: integration aspects of pe collisions Push key technologies in dedicated R&D programmes e. g. 16 Tesla magnets for 100 Te. V pp in 100 km SRF technologies and RF power sources Tunnel infrastructure in Geneva area, linked to CERN accelerator complex Site-specific, requested by European strategy Future Circular Collider Study Michael Benedikt DT Training Seminar 7 May 2015

Scope: Physics & Experiments Elaborate and document - Physics opportunities - Discovery potentials Experiment concepts for hh, ee and he Machine Detector Interface studies Concepts for worldwide data services Overall cost model Cost scenarios for collider options Including infrastructure and injectors Implementation and governance models Future Circular Collider Study Michael Benedikt DT Training Seminar 7 May 2015

FCC Study Coordination Group Study Lead Hadron Collider Physics & Experiments Lepton Collider Physics & Experiments ep Physics, Experiment, IP Integration M. Benedikt F. Zimmermann A. Ball, M. Mangano W. Riegler A. Blondel, J. Ellis, C. Grojean, P. Janot M. Klein, O. Bruning Hadron Injectors Hadron Collider Lepton Injectors Lepton Collider B. Goddard D. Schulte, M. Syphers Y. Papaphilippou F. Zimmermann, J. Wenninger, U. Wienands Accelerator Technologies R&D Special Technologies Infrastructures & Operation Costing & Planning L. Bottura, E. Jensen, L. Tavian JM. Jimenez P. Lebrun, P. Collier P. Lebrun, F. Sonnemann Further enlargement of coordination group and study teams with international partners Future Circular Collider Study Michael Benedikt DT Training Seminar 7 May 2015

FCC hadron collider motivation: pushing the energy frontier Hadron collider: presently and for coming decades the only option for exploring energy scale at 10’s of Te. V The name of the game of a hadron collider is energy reach Cf. LHC: factor 3. 5 -4 in radius, factor 2 in field factor 7 -8 in energy Future Circular Collider Study Michael Benedikt DT Training Seminar 7 May 2015 9

FCC-hh baseline parameters parameter energy dipole field # IP FCC-hh 100 Te. V c. m. 16 T 2 main, +2 LHC 14 Te. V c. m. 8. 33 T 4 normalized emittance 2. 2 mm 3. 75 mm luminosity/IPmain energy/beam synchr. rad. bunch spacing 5 x 1034 cm-2 s-1 1 x 1034 cm-2 s-1 8. 4 GJ 0. 39 GJ 28. 4 W/m/apert. 0. 17 W/m/apert. 25 ns (5 ns) 25 ns Preliminary, subject to evolution (several luminosity scenarios) Future Circular Collider Study Michael Benedikt DT Training Seminar 7 May 2015 10

Preliminary layout (different sizes under investigation) Collider ring design (lattice/hardware design) Site studies Injector studies Machine detector interface Input for lepton option Iterations needed Future Circular Collider Study Michael Benedikt DT Training Seminar 7 May 2015 11

Site study 93 km example • 90 – 100 km fits geological situation well, • LHC suitable as potential injector Future Circular Collider Study Michael Benedikt DT Training Seminar 7 May 2015

FCC-hh: Key Technology R&D HFM Nb 3 Sn 16 T Conductor R&D Magnet Design • Increase critical current density • Obtain high quantities at required quality • Material Processing • Reduce cost Future Circular Collider Study Michael Benedikt DT Training Seminar 7 May 2015 • Develop 16 T short models • Field quality and aperture • Optimum coil geometry • Manufacturing aspects • Cost optimisation 13

15 -16 T: Nb-Ti. Key & Nb 3 design Sn 20 T: Nb-Ti & Nb 3 Sn & HTS issue: cost-optimized high-field dipole magnets Arc magnet system will be the major cost factor for FCC-hh “hybrid magnets” example block-coil layout Future Circular Collider Study Michael Benedikt DT Training Seminar 7 May 2015 only a quarter is shown L. Rossi, E. Todesco, P. Mc. Intyre 14

SC magnets for detectors Dipole Field q Need BL 2 ~10 x ATLAS/CMS for 10% muon momentum resolution at 10 -20 Te. V. q Solenoid: B=5 T, Rin=5 -6 m, L=24 m size is x 2 CMS. Stored energy: ~ 50 GJ q > 5000 m 3 of Fe in return joke alternative: thin (twin) lower-B solenoid at larger R to capture return flux of main solenoid F. Gianotti, H. Ten Kate q Forward dipole à la LHCb: B~10 Tm Future Circular Collider Study Michael Benedikt DT Training Seminar 7 May 2015 15

FCC-hh: some design challenges • Stored beam energy: 8 GJ/beam (0. 4 GJ LHC) = 16 GJ total equivalent to an Airbus A 380 (560 t) at full speed (850 km/h) Ø Collimation, beam loss control, radiation effects: very important Ø Injection/dumping/beam transfer: very critical operations Ø Magnet/machine protection: to be considered early on Future Circular Collider Study Michael Benedikt DT Training Seminar 7 May 2015 16

Synchrotron radiation/beam screen High synchrotron radiation load (SR) of protons @ 50 Te. V: ~30 W/m/beam (@16 T) 5 MW total in arcs (LHC <0. 2 W/m) • Beam screen to capture SR and “protect” cold mass • Power mostly cooled at beam screen temperature; • Only minor part going to magnets at 2 – 4 K → Optimisation of temperature, space, vacuum, impedance, e-cloud, etc. Future Circular Collider Study Michael Benedikt DT Training Seminar 7 May 2015 17

contributions: beam screen (BS) & cold bore (BS heat radiation) Cryo power for cooling of SR heat Contributions to cryo load: • beam screen (BS) & • cold bore (BS heat radiation) At 1. 9 K cm optimum BS temperature range: 50 -100 K; But impedance increases with temperature instabilities 40 -60 K favoured by vacuum & impedance considerations 100 MW refrigerator power on cryo plant P. Lebrun, L. Tavian Future Circular Collider Study Michael Benedikt DT Training Seminar 7 May 2015 18

FCC-hh luminosity goals & phases • Two parameter sets for two operation phases: • Phase 1 (baseline): 5 x 1034 cm-2 s-1 (peak), 250 fb-1/year (averaged) 2500 fb-1 within 10 years (~HL LHC total luminosity) • Phase 2 (ultimate): ~2. 5 x 1035 cm-2 s-1 (peak), 1000 fb-1/year (averaged) 15, 000 fb-1 within 15 years • Yielding total luminosity O(20, 000) fb-1 over ~25 years of operation Future Circular Collider Study Michael Benedikt DT Training Seminar 7 May 2015

luminosity evolution over 24 h radiation damping: t~1 h for both phases: beam current 0. 5 A unchanged! total synchrotron radiation power ~5 MW. phase 1: b*=1. 1 m, DQtot=0. 01, tta=5 h phase 2: b*=0. 3 m, DQtot=0. 03, tta=4 h Future Circular Collider Study Michael Benedikt DT Training Seminar 7 May 2015

integrated luminosity / day phase 1: b*=1. 1 m, DQtot=0. 01, tta=5 h Future Circular Collider Study Michael Benedikt DT Training Seminar 7 May 2015 phase 2: b*=0. 3 m, DQtot=0. 03, tta=4 h 21

Lepton collider FCC-ee • Name of the game here - luminosity: as many collisions as possible high beam current, small beam size. • Energy reach of circular e+e- colliders is limited due to synchrotron radiation of charged particles on curved trajectory: DE ∝ (Ekin/m 0)4/r mprot = 2000 melectr Future Circular Collider Study Michael Benedikt DT Training Seminar 7 May 2015

Lepton collider FCC-ee parameters Parameter Energy/beam [Ge. V] Bunches/beam Beam current [m. A] Luminosity/IP x 1034 cm-2 s-1 Energy loss/turn [Ge. V] FCC-ee 45 120 175 105 1300060000 5001400 51 - 98 4 1450 30 6. 6 3 21 - 280 5 - 11 1. 5 - 2. 6 0. 0012 0. 03 1. 67 7. 55 3. 34 100 Synchrotron Power [MW] RF Voltage [GV] LEP 2 0. 3 -2. 5 3. 6 -5. 5 22 11 3. 5 Dependency: crab-waiste vs. baseline optics and 2 vs. 4 Ips Large number of bunches at Z and WW and H requires 2 rings. High luminosity means short beam lifetime (~ mins), requires continues injection. Future Circular Collider Study Michael Benedikt DT Training Seminar 7 May 2015

FCC-ee luminosity vs energy Crab waist 4 IP 1000 total luminosity [1034 cm-2 s-1] Crab waist 2 IP 100 Baseline 4 IP Baseline 2 IP 10 Z 1 0 50 Future Circular Collider Study Michael Benedikt DT Training Seminar 7 May 2015 100 W 150 200 c. m. energy [Ge. V] H 250 tt 300 350 400

FCC-ee: RF parameters and R&D • • • Synchrotron radiation power: 50 MW per beam Energy loss per turn: up to 7. 5 Ge. V (at 175 Ge. V, t) System dimension compared to LEP 2: • • LEP 2: 352 MHz, 3. 5 GV voltage, 22 MW SR power (27 km) FCC-ee: 400 MHz, 12 GV voltage, 100 MW SR power (100 km) • Main challenges: large variation of beam current • ~1 Ampere at Z working point, with very low energy loss requiring only low RF voltage, impedance very important • Very low beam current at top working point with large energy loss (6 – 7 GV/turn) requiring ~11 GV voltage. Future Circular Collider Study Michael Benedikt DT Training Seminar 7 May 2015 25

FCC-ee: Key Technology R&D - RF Beyond Nb Efficiency Superconducting RF Power Conversion Push Klystrons far beyond 70% efficiency • Increase power range of solid-state amplifiers • High reliability for high multiplicity • • Future Circular Collider Study Michael Benedikt DT Training Seminar 7 May 2015 26

FCC-ee top-up injector Beside the collider ring(s), a booster of the same size (same tunnel) must provide beams for top-up injection same RF voltage, but low power (~ MW) • top up frequency ~0. 1 Hz • booster injection energy ~5 -20 Ge. V • bypass around the experiments • A. Blondel injector complex for e+ and e- beams of 10 -20 Ge. V • Super-KEKB injector ~ almost suitable Future Circular Collider Study Michael Benedikt DT Training Seminar 7 May 2015 27

FCC-ee preliminary layout C=100 km Future Circular Collider Study Michael Benedikt DT Training Seminar 7 May 2015 28

CERN Circular Colliders + FCC 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 20 years Constr. Design Physics Proto LEP Construction Design FCC Future Circular Collider Study Michael Benedikt DT Training Seminar 7 May 2015 LHC Physics Construction Design Proto Physics Construction HL-LHC Physics

Study time line towards CDR 2014 Q 1 Q 2 Q 3 2015 Q 4 Q 1 Q 2 Q 3 2016 Q 4 Q 1 Q 2 Q 3 2017 Q 4 Q 1 Q 2 Q 3 2018 Q 4 Q 1 Q 2 Q 3 Study plan, scope definition Explore options “weak interaction” FCC Week 2015: work towards baseline conceptual study of baseline “strong interact. ” FCC Week 2016 Progress review FCC Week 17 & Review Cost model, LHC results study re-scoping? Elaboration, consolidation FCC Week 2018 contents of CDR Report CDR ready Future Circular Collider Study Michael Benedikt DT Training Seminar 7 May 2015 Q 4

Focus on Study-Phase 2 2014 Q 1 Q 2 Q 3 2015 Q 4 Q 1 Q 2 Q 3 2016 Q 4 Q 1 Q 2 Q 3 2017 Q 4 Q 1 Q 2 Q 3 2018 Q 4 Q 1 Q 2 Q 3 FCC Week 2015: work towards baseline conceptual study of baseline “strong interact. ” FCC Week 2016 Progress review • Converge on solid and agreed baseline scenarios • Launch technology R&D at international level • Assure coherence between study branches CDR ready Future Circular Collider Study Michael Benedikt DT Training Seminar 7 May 2015 Q 4

The FCC Collaboration • A consortium of partners based on a Memorandum Of Understanding (Mo. U) • Working together on a best effort basis • Self governed • Incremental & open to academia and industry • Specific contributions detailed in Addendum Future Circular Collider Study Michael Benedikt DT Training Seminar 7 May 2015

FCCStatus Global Collaboration • • • 53 institutes 19 countries EC participation Future Circular Collider Study Michael Benedikt DT Training Seminar 7 May 2015

FCC Collaboration Status 53 collaboration members & CERN as host institute , 1 May 2015 ALBA/CELLS, Spain Ankara U. , Turkey U Bern, Switzerland BINP, Russia CASE (SUNY/BNL), USA CBPF, Brazil CEA Grenoble, France CEA Saclay, France CIEMAT, Spain CNRS, France Cockcroft Institute, UK U Colima, Mexico CSIC/IFIC, Spain TU Darmstadt, Germany DESY, Germany TU Dresden, Germany Duke U, USA EPFL, Switzerland Future Circular Collider Study Michael Benedikt DT Training Seminar 7 May 2015 GWNU, Korea U Geneva, Switzerland Goethe U Frankfurt, Germany GSI, Germany Hellenic Open U, Greece HEPHY, Austria U Houston, USA IFJ PAN Krakow, Poland INFN, Italy INP Minsk, Belarus U Iowa, USA IPM, Iran UC Irvine, USA Istanbul Aydin U. , Turkey JAI/Oxford, UK JINR Dubna, Russia FZ Jülich, Germany KAIST, Korea KEK, Japan KIAS, Korea King’s College London, UK KIT Karlsruhe, Germany Korea U Sejong, Korea MEPh. I, Russia MIT, USA NBI, Denmark Northern Illinois U. , USA NC PHEP Minsk, Belarus U. Liverpool, UK PSI, Switzerland Sapienza/Roma, Italy UC Santa Barbara, USA U Silesia, Poland TU Tampere, Finland Wroclaw UT, Poland 34

Euro. Cir. Col EU Horizon 2020 Grant EC contributes with funding to FCC-hh study • Core aspects of hadron collider design: arc & IR optics design, 16 T magnet program, cryogenic beam vacuum system • Recognition of FCC Study by European Commission Future Circular Collider Study Michael Benedikt DT Training Seminar 7 May 2015

First FCC Week Conference Washington DC 23 -27 March 2015 http: //cern. ch/fccw 2015 ++. . . PL; 1, 5 Other; 4 ES; 1, 8 JP; 3 RU; 3, 1 FR; 3, 1 US; 35 IT; 3, 5 UK; 5 CN; 5 DE; 6 CH/CERN; 29 128 Institutes 21 Countries 220 presentations

Outlook 2015 • Freeze baselines parameters and concepts • Colliders, injectors and infrastructures • Put Nb 3 Sn/16 T magnet program on solid feet • Define and launch selected technology R&D programmes • Reinforce physics and detector simulations • Pursue MDI and experiment studies • Further enlarge the global FCC collaboration • Launch Euro. Cir. Col Design Study Future Circular Collider Study Michael Benedikt DT Training Seminar 7 May 2015

Conclusions • There are strongly rising activities in energy-frontier circular colliders worldwide. • The FCC collaboration is hosted by CERN and will conduct an international study for the design of Future Circular Colliders (FCC). • FCC presents many challenging R&D requirements in SC magnets, SRF and many other technical areas. • Global collaboration in physics, experiments and accelerators and the use of all synergies is essential to move forward. Future Circular Collider Study Michael Benedikt DT Training Seminar 7 May 2015 38

FCC Week 2016 Rome, 11 -15 April 2016 Future Circular Collider Study Michael Benedikt DT Training Seminar 7 May 2015 39