Fusion for Energy ITER Contribution to EU Added

Fusion for Energy & ITER Contribution to EU Added Value Johannes P. Schwemmer Director, F 4 E Massimo Garribba Director, European Commission 21 January 2019

Why Fusion? Clean baseload energy complementing renewables is needed Abundant Fuels are plentiful and available all over the world Sustainable No greenhouse gas (CO 2) emissions Safe No long-lived radioactive waste Reactors can not run out of control J. P. Schwemmer, CONT Hearing on European Added Value, 21 January 2019 2

Fusion is about bringing the power of the Sun to Earth Bringing the power of the sun to earth Fusion is the process that powers the sun and other stars When light atoms fuse at very high temperatures, they release enormous amounts of energy Fusion on earth needs temperatures of 100 -150 million °C Many experiments in Europe and the rest of the world J. P. Schwemmer, CONT Hearing on European Added Value, 21 January 2019 3

ITER research reactor is a major milestone to fusion power ITER will create “burning” plasmas under conditions close to those in future reactors for scientists to study J. P. Schwemmer, CONT Hearing on European Added Value, 21 January 2019 4

Seven global parties are building ITER through in-kind contributions Pooling resources from around the world J. P. Schwemmer, CONT Hearing on European Added Value, 21 January 2019 5

ITER – one of the largest high tech projects in modern history Total/estimated cost (€B 2008) 1000 23. 000 tons 100 The ITER Machine will be 3 times the weight of the Eiffel Tower 10 10 million components ITER: 107 Airbus 380: 106 1 ISS Apollo ITER A 380 Galileo LHC J. P. Schwemmer, CONT Hearing on European Added Value, 21 January 2019 400. 000 tons Tokamak Complex will support the same weight as the Empire State Building 6

Fusion for Energy is the European Domestic Agency for ITER Fusion for Energy or “F 4 E” is the European Union agency for ITER F 4 E is a public organisation set up in 2007 for 35 years Headquarters: Barcelona, Spain Offices: Cadarache, France Garching, Germany Rokkasho, Japan Members of staff: 460 (mostly engineers) Budget: € 6600 million 2007 -2020 for the construction of ITER, € 5111 million (2021 to 2027 in € of 2008 – next MFF) J. P. Schwemmer, CONT Hearing on European Added Value, 21 January 2019 7

F 4 E is developing fusion through four main projects ITER: Burning Plasma BROADER APPROACH F 4 E is responsible for Europe’s contribution to ITER, the world’s largest scientific energy project F 4 E is working with Japan on fusion projects known as the Broader Approach DONES: Materials Testing DEMO: Continuous Power F 4 E is responsible for the design & future construction of the DEMO Orientated Neutron Source F 4 E will prepare a programme to build a power-generating Demonstration Fusion Reactor J. P. Schwemmer, CONT Hearing on European Added Value, 21 January 2019 8

ITER site is now a construction site buzzing with activity in 2. 5 shifts… Jan 2018 July 2017 July Oct April 2018 March 2017 2013 2016 Oct 2016 2011 2015 2014 J. P. Schwemmer, CONT Hearing on European Added Value, 21 January 2019 9

Delivering EU contributions to the Fusion roadmap Short Term Medium Term Long Term ITER IFERC IFMIF-EVEDA BROADER APPROACH JT-60 SA IFMIF - DONES DEMONSTRATION FUSION REACTORS Massimo Garribba, CONT Hearing on European Added Value, 21 January 2019 10

EU progression towards fusion power • ITER is the key facility in the European Research Roadmap to the Realisation of Fusion Energy • In 2016 a new baseline was adopted setting First Plasma date at 2025 (start of operations) • Construction up to First Plasma is on schedule and 60% complete • EU has completed 36% of its total contribution to the project • Lessons learnt from ITER’s construction and operation will enable the design of a demonstration reactor Massimo Garribba, CONT Hearing on European Added Value, 21 January 2019 11

Positive economic impact of ITER • Compared to no spending, over the period 2008 -2017, ITER has produced: ü almost EUR 4, 8 billion in Gross Value Added ü almost 34 000 job years • F 4 E has awarded over 900 contracts and grants worth EUR 4, 5 billion in 24 Countries • EU companies report that working on ITER offers new business opportunities and increases their competitiveness and growth, allowing them to hire staff Massimo Garribba, CONT Hearing on European Added Value, 21 January 2019 12

Spin-off effects of ITER participation • Working on ITER leads to innovation and creation of “spin-off” technologies with applications in various sectors such as health (magnetic resonance scanners), aerospace (fabrication of the cockpit of Airbus airplanes), engineering, IT. . . • Participation in ITER creates a knowledge base in EU high-tech industry – EU Companies will then be well- prepared to design and construct future power plants • Over 2018 -2030, ITER spending may generate through spin-offs 10 900 jobs and EUR 2 248 million in GVA, compared to no spending Photo copyright Airbus 2018 – photo by A. TCHAIKOVSKI/master films Massimo Garribba, CONT Hearing on European Added Value, 21 January 2019 13

F 4 E has awarded >€ 4 billion in Contracts to EU Industry and Research Organisations Number of Contracts Value € million cumulative Almost € 5 billion through >700 contracts Value of Contracts, € (2008 -2017) Number of contracts signed 1200 1000 9000 8000 7000 800 6000 650 600 710 5000 570 400 418 282 200 151 0 8 79 2008 2009 4000 482 3000 338 2000 212 1000 0 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 ~450 contractors and >1000 sub-contractors in 24 countries Massimo Garribba, CONT Hearing on European Added Value, 21 January 2019 2025 14

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