Fungi Structure Basics Heterotrophs release enzymes to absorb

Fungi Structure & Basics • Heterotrophs: release enzymes to absorb nutrients • Cell composition similar to animals • Underground – Hyphae: thin strands of cells that make up the fungus body – Hyphae spread into a larger mass (mycelium) • Above ground – Fruiting body: reproductive structure creates spores • Classification determined by sexual reproduction methods

Zygote Fungi • Sexual Reproduction – Hyphae from 2 organisms • Asexual Reproduction fuse and form a diploid – Spores released into air zygospore – New hyphae grow from – New fungi grows from the spore zygospore

Haploid spores land Hyphae grow from each spore…a mat of mycelium accumulates Hyphae of new fungi grows from the zygospore Sporangia releases spores to repeat the cycle . . ground

Haploid spores land Hyphae grow from each spore…a mat of mycelium accumulates Hyphae of new fungi grows from the zygospore Sporangia releases spores to repeat the cycle . . ground

Club Fungi • Underground – Hyphae of two individuals grow and fuse together – Mat of mycelium created • Above ground – Fruiting body created (resembles a club) – Spores produced in structures called “basidia” – Spores released into air…. new hyphae begin to grow

Club Fungi

Spores will land Fungus #1 mycelium grows underground…. Fungus #2 mycelium grows underground Two fungi grow together and fuse…new mycelium created Fruiting body sprouts New spores released from the fruiting body . . . ground

Spores will land Fungus #1 mycelium grows underground…. Fungus #2 mycelium grows underground Two fungi grow together and fuse…new mycelium created Fruiting body sprouts New spores released from the fruiting body . . . ground

Sac Fungi • Underground – Two hyphae grow together – New fungi grow when hyphae fuse • Above ground – Fruiting body created – Spores released from “Ascus” • Ex: Yeast, morals, truffles

Spores will land Fungus #1 mycelium grows underground…. Fungus #2 mycelium grows underground Two fungi grow together and fuse…new mycelium is created Diploid fruiting body grows from the mass Haploid spores created & released from the ascus ground

Spores will land Fungus #1 mycelium grows underground…. Fungus #2 mycelium grows underground Two fungi grow together and fuse…new mycelium is created Diploid fruiting body grows from the mass Haploid spores created & released from the ascus ground

Lichens • • Fungus + blue-green bacteria or green algae Mycelium of fungi surrounds the green organism Grow on rocks, soil, trees Mutualistic relationship – Algae/bacteria: obtains substrate to grow within – Fungus: obtains nutrients

Kobe Kuiz 1) Name three major types of fungi. 2) Which characteristic is used to classify the various types of fungi? 3) Which fungi produce asci? 4) Which fungi produce basidia? 5) Which fungi produce zygospores? 6) What is the above ground structure of a fungus called? 7) What objects are released from the fruiting body? 8) Label the diagram.