Fungi Fungi l First fungi were probably flagellated
Fungi
Fungi l First fungi were probably flagellated. – First fossils – 480 million years ago (Ordovician Period) – Molecular Clock suggests 1 billion years ago (Precambrian).
General Characteristics l l Primarily terrestrial Filamentous – hyphae ucoenocytic useptate – mycelium – haustoria
Fungal Hyphae
General Characteristics (animal-like) l l l Heterotrophic – absorption (saprobes) – parasitic – mutualistic Cell Wall: Chitin Store sugar as glycogen
Fungal Reproduction Asexual – haploid spores (conidia/sporangia) l Sexual – plasmogamy (dikaryon) – karyogamy (diploid) – Syngamy (diploid) l
Fungal Classification
Fungal Classification
Division: Chytrids l l l Have flagella Coenocytic hyphae or unicellular Cell wall: chitin Saprobes or parasites May be most primitive fungi
Division: Zygomycetes
Division: Zygomycetes l l Coenocytic Fungi Mostly terrestrial (live on decaying material Example: Rhizopus (Black bread mold) Uses: birth control pills, meat tenderizers, margarine coloring
Division: Glomeromycetes l Arbuscular mycorrhizae – Coenocytic Fungi – Mutualistic - associated with plant roots – increases surface area for the absorption of water and nutrients
Division: Ascomycetes
Divison: Ascomycetes l l Septate fungi (sac fungi) Saprobes, mutualistic Examples: Dutch Elm Disease, yeasts, truffles, some molds Uses: pathogens, food, cooking
Division: Ascomycetes (Deuteromycota) l l Imperfect fungi (no sexual cycle) Examples: Penicillium, Aspergillus, Predatory fungi
Division: Basidiomycetes
Division: Basidiomycetes l l Septate Fungi (Club fungi) Saprobes, parasites, mutualistic Examples: mushrooms, toadstools, puffballs, shelf fungi, rusts, smuts Uses: Food
Division: Basidiomycetes l Fairy Rings
Lichen l l Mutualistic association with a green algae or cyanobacteria and an ascomycetes or basidiomycetes Pioneer organisms
Microsporidia l Are they Fungi? – Parasitic u. Loss of organelles u. Tiny organelles derived from mitochondria – Cause disease in people with immune deficiency – Used as pest control
Ecological Impacts l l l Decomposers Pathogens Food Production
- Slides: 24