Fungal wilt wart early blight late blight black

Fungal wilt, wart, early blight, late blight, black scurf and leaf spot disease of potato Next

Fungal wilt of potato Sclerotial wilt Sclerotium spp End Two Types Previous Fusarium wilt Fusarium spp Next

t o er l c S ial li t: w Common in the plains of Maharastra and West Bengal in Kharif Potato crop Symptoms: Initial symptom is the presence of wilted plants within a canopy of healthy looking plants. Water soaked lesions develop on the stem Thick white moulds appear on the collar region of the stem. Later fruiting bodies developed which look like mustard seeds. Causal organism : Sclerotinia sclerotiorum End Previous Next

Fusarium wilt: Symptoms: Infection starts on the seed tubers and progresses to underground parts of the stem and roots Affected plants show yellowing of margins of the lower leaves later progressing to the entire plant photo Finally the plant wilts completely Causal organism : Fusarium oxysporum End Previous Next

Epidemiology Alternate period of wet and dry soil condition is favourable for disease Severity is more in sandy acidic soil End Previous Next

Management Crop rotation with non host crops. Seed treatment with mancozeb, carbendazim @ 0. 25% Use organic amendment mixed with Trichoderma harzianum End Previous Next

Wart of potato, (Synchytrium endobioticum) Wart is widely distributed in temperate and high altitude tropical regions with cold and rainy climate. In India, it is most prevalent in Sikkim and West Bengal. End Previous Next

Symptoms: White to brown tumour like outgrowth develop on stem , stolon and tubers. Symptoms usually develop below ground, but under wet conditions may appear on stem and foliage. Tumours blacken with age and may rot due to secondary organisms. Above ground warts are green, reddish and purple depending on the variety. photo Causal organism: Synchitrium endobioticum End Previous Next

Epidemiology Intensity of disease is affected by soil moisture, soil temperature and soil p. H Management of wart disease • Wart infected tubers should not be plnated • Restrict the movement of potato tubers from infected to non infected region through quarantine regulation. • Grow immune variety such as Kufri Jyoti, Kufri Jeevan and Kufri mathu. • Quarantine legislation should be strictly followed. End Previous Next

Early blight of potato Alternaria solani World wide distribution and one of the most important diseases under favourable weather conditions. Starts appearing on potato just before the initiation of tuberization. Symptoms: Older leaves show brown angular necrotic spots marked by concentric rings Distinguished from the late blight by the absence of white cottony growth on the under surface of spots. Causal organism: Alternaria solani End Previous Next

The spots enlarge and coalesce to form large necrotic areas and the whole leaf dries up and hangs along the stem Brown, dry and brittle spots of limited size and a well marked outline helps in differentiations of the early blight from other foliage diseases of potato In tubers, lesions are dark brown, sunken and surrounded by a raised margin The internal tissues of the tuber become reddish brown and leathery to corky in texture End Previous Next

Epidemiology Disease is severe in high temperature 25 -30 0 C alternating with moist period and poor vigour of the plant Poorly manured crop show severe attack Continuous drought period checks the disease End Previous Next

Management • Spray the crop with Antracol, Mancozeb @0. 25% at 7 -10 days interval. • Crop debris should be destroyed after harvest End Previous Next

Late blight of potato (Phytophthora infestans) Most destructive disease of potato. Any part of the foliage may be infected under cool and moist conditions. Complete destruction of the plants in the field takes place within few days under congenial weather conditions. End Previous photo Next

Symptoms Circular to irregular water soaked faded green spots develop initially at the tip of the margin of the lower leaves which turn into brownish black lesions. On the undersurface of the leaves the lesions are covered with superficial whitish (cottony) fungal growth. The lesions on the petiole and stems are black coloured of indefinite length. End Previous Next

• During moist weather, the blighted areas rapidly enlarge, quickly spread to tender and older plant parts. • Under dry conditions enlargement of the lesions get restricted and the blighted areas turn black and dry up. • Stem infection occurs at nodes and plant topples over. • In tubers purplish brown spot appear which spread to the entire surface. • On cuttings, affected tubers show brown necrosis spreading from surface to center. • Tubers rot in soil before harvest or during storage. End Previous Next

Epidemiology : Excessive humidity (>90 %) coupled with suitable temperature (15 -20 0 C) and optimum soil moisture (15 -20 %) are most favourable for disease development. Continuous rain or light drizzle for 2 -3 days followed by low temperature is suitable for disease development. End Previous Next

Management • Use tolerant varieties like Kufri Badsha, Kufri Jyoti, Kufri Ashoka and resistant varieties like Kufri megha, Kufri Pukhraj • Select healthy, disease free seed tubers • Infected plant parts are to be removed and destroyed • Harvest the fully matured tubers in dry weather • Apply protective spray with Mancozeb @0. 2% alternating with Metalaxyl @0. 25% at 8 -10 days interval. In rainy days sticker like Triton AE (0. 02%) should be mixed with the spray solution. End Previous Next

Black scurf of Potato Rhizoctonia solani Symptom Hard, superficial, dark brown or black bodies known as sclerotia are seen on the surface of the tubers. When the infected tubers are planted emerging shoots are killed. End Previous Next

Young sprouts are very susceptible to infection. In older plants, brownish black sunken lesions develop on underground stems and stolon. Surface of the tubers have black bodies known as scurf which are not easily removed. The growth of the fungus on the surface of the tuber causes rusting of the skin. The tuber shows hard dry rot with browning of internal tissues. During storage the entire tuber is reduced to a spongy mass. End Previous Next

Management Crop rotation preferably for 3 years with cereals. Shallow planting followed by gradual filling up reduces damage. Avail seed tuber lots that does not contain scelotia. Sundry the tubers before planting. End Previous Next

Leaf spot of potato (Septoria sp) Symptoms: Small, water-soaked circular spots 1. 6 -3. 2 mm in diameter first appear on the undersides of older leaves. The centers of the spots are gray or tan and spots have a dark brown margin. Spots may also appear on stems. Heavily infected leaves will turn yellow, dry up, and drop off. End Previous photo Next

Management (Septoria) Infected plant materials should be destroyed by burning Haulms of diseased crops are to be removed and burnt before harvest of the crop Fungicidal spray preferably with Zineb @ 2 g/lit at 15 days interval End Previous