Fungal Diversity BIOL 1407 Fungal Classification Traditionally based

Fungal Diversity BIOL 1407

Fungal Classification • Traditionally based on: – Sexual sporeproducing structures – Hyphal characteristics • Molecular evidence

Deuteromycota ≠ Clade • Imperfect Fungi • In past, could not classify • No sexual structures produced • Molecular data should do away with this informal group

Chytridiomycota • Chytrids • Basal group • Unicellular to simple myceliumforming • Photo Credit of distinctive two-part rhizoid system of Cladochytrium, 2001, D. J. Patterson and Mark Farmer @ tolweb. org/Chytridiomycota/20517

Chytrids • Flagellated spores • Mostly aquatic • Only modern fungal group with flagella

Zygomycota • Coenocytic hyphae • Ex: Rhizopus, Pilobolus, Arthrobotrys • Video Clip: http: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=1 Ko. KDCw. JOJ Q&feature=related • Another view for fun: http: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=Tr. KJAojm. B 1 Y

Zygomycota • “Zygote Fungi” • Sexual sporeproducing structure: Zygosporangium

Zygomycota • In zygosporangium: – – Heterokaryon Karyogamy Diploid zygote Meiosis

Zygomycota • Asexual sporeproducing structure: Sporangium

Glomerulomycota • Endomycorrhizae • Arbuscules within plant root cells

Ascomycota • Septate hyphae with pores • Examples: Penicillium, Aspergillus, Neurospora, Saccharomyces

Ascomycota • Sexual sporeproducing structure: Ascocarp • Ascocarp is only dikaryotic structure • “Sac Fungi”

Ascomycota • Ascus – Karyogamy – Diploid zygote – Meiosis • Eight ascospores

Ascomycota • Asexual sporeproducing structure: Conidia

Morels

Truffles

Cup Fungi Pixie Cups, Geopyxis carbonaria Photo Credit: Courtesy of Dr. Tom Volk, http: //botit. botany. wisc. edu/toms_fungi/jun 2005. html

Basidiomycota • Septate hyphae with capped pores • Long-lived dikaryotic mycelium • Examples: Mushroom, rusts, smuts

Basidiomycota • Sexual sporeproducing structure: Basidiocarp • Photo Credit: Betsy Maxim, 2008

Basidiomycota • Basidia “Club Fungi” • Basidiospores

Basidiomycota • Basidia – Karyogamy – Diploid Zygote – Meiosis • Four basidiospores

Basidiomycota • Asexual sporeproducing structure: Rare • Only a few produce conidia • Most rely exclusively on basidiocarps • Photo Credit: Ernst Haeckel, Plate 63, from Kunstformen der Natur (1904), Wikimedia Commons

Puffballs and Earth Stars

Shelf Fungus

Jelly Fungus

Maiden Veil Fungus

Question?

Question? Photo Credit: Courtesy of Dr. Tom Volk, http: //botit. botany. wisc. edu/toms_fungi/sept 98. html

The End Unless otherwise specified, all images in this presentation came from: Campbell, et al. 2008. Biology, 8 th ed. Pearson Benjamin Cummings.