Fundamentals of Lifespan Development JANUARY 20 PRENATAL DEVELOPMENT

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Fundamentals of Lifespan Development JANUARY 20 – PRENATAL DEVELOPMENT AND BIRTH

Fundamentals of Lifespan Development JANUARY 20 – PRENATAL DEVELOPMENT AND BIRTH

Video – 9 Months in the Womb Footage of Baby in the Womb 3

Video – 9 Months in the Womb Footage of Baby in the Womb 3 D Video of Conception to Birth Life’s Greatest Miracle – PBS NOVA

Germinal Stage – Conception and Implantation: ◦ Amniotic Fluid – Fluid for temperature &

Germinal Stage – Conception and Implantation: ◦ Amniotic Fluid – Fluid for temperature & protection ◦ Placenta – Food & oxygen & waste ◦ Umbilical Cord – Delivers blood & removes waste ◦ Zygote – New cell produced by combining two gametes ◦ Gamete – Ovum and sperm with 23 chromosomes

Milestones of Prenatal Development Trimester Period Weeks Length and Weight Major Events First Zygote

Milestones of Prenatal Development Trimester Period Weeks Length and Weight Major Events First Zygote – Germinal Stage 1 Conception. One cell multiplies & forms blastocyst. Zygote - Implantation 2 Blastocyst begins implantation Embryo - Organogenesis 3 -8 6 mm Primitive brain & spinal cord. Organs begin to grow Embryo 5 -8 2. 5 cm 4 g External body parts grow. Embryo can move. Gonad and genital development. Fetus 9 -12 7. 6 cm 28 g Rapid increase in size. Internal organs become organized. Second Fetus 13 -24 30 cm 820 g Fetus enlarges. Fetal movements felt by mother. Sensitive to light & sound. Third Fetus 25 -38 51 cm 3200 g Size increases. Organs mature. Fat is added. Antibodies are transmitted.

Fetal Stage Milestones Weeks Major Events 9 – 12 Fingerprints, grasping reflex, facial expressions,

Fetal Stage Milestones Weeks Major Events 9 – 12 Fingerprints, grasping reflex, facial expressions, swallowing, rhythmic ‘breathing’ of amniotic fluid, urination, genitals appear, activity & rest. 13 – 16 Hair follicles, respond to mothers voice and other loud noises 17 – 20 Fetal movements felt by mother, heartbeat detectable with stethoscope, lanugo covers body, eyes respond to light, eyebrows, fingernails 21 – 24 Vernix protects skin, lungs produce surfactant, vitality possible but problematic 25 – 28 Recognition of mother’s voice, regular periods of rest and activity, good chance a newborn would survive 29 – 32 Very rapid growth, antibodies acquires, fat deposits under skin 33 – 36 Movement of head for birth, lungs mature 37 + Full-Term

Pregnancy Summary

Pregnancy Summary

Genetic Disorders

Genetic Disorders

Teratogens Agents that causes damage to an embryo or fetus during the prenatal period.

Teratogens Agents that causes damage to an embryo or fetus during the prenatal period. § § § § § Drugs – Legal and Illegal Alcohol Tobacco Radiation Pollution Infectious disease Nutrition (maternal factor) Stress (maternal factor) Maternal Age Rh factor incompatibility 3 types Mutagenic – Cause alterations to genomic DNA Environmental – Environmental agents that disrupt normal cell development Epimutagenic – Cause alterations with epigenetic structures without changing the DNA

Teratogens

Teratogens

Childbirth Stages of childbirth: 1. Dilation and effacement of the cervix ◦ First birth

Childbirth Stages of childbirth: 1. Dilation and effacement of the cervix ◦ First birth = 12 – 14 hours ◦ Second + = 4 -6 hours 2. Delivery of the baby ◦ First birth = 50 min ◦ Second + = 20 min 3. Delivery of the placenta ◦ 5 -10 min

The Apgar Scale

The Apgar Scale

Childbirth Key Terms Breech position – When a baby is turned so that the

Childbirth Key Terms Breech position – When a baby is turned so that the buttocks or feet would be delivered first Anoxia – Inadequate oxygen supply during labour and delivery Isolette – Plexiglas-enclosure to protect preterm babies Cesarean – A surgical birth where a doctor makes an incision in the mother’s abdomen and lifts the baby out of the uterus

Discussion How were you born? 1 – In a hospital 2 – In a

Discussion How were you born? 1 – In a hospital 2 – In a birthing center 3 – At home 4 – Other Why did your parents chose that location? What did (would) you do if you (or a partner) were going to have a child?