Fundamentalism Terrorism and The Arab Spring Fundamentalism l

Fundamentalism, Terrorism, and The Arab Spring

Fundamentalism l l l A strict belief in the basic truths or practice of a particular faith Fundamentalists coming to power in a particular country can lead to conflicts This is particularly true in Afghanistan

Afghanistan l l l In 1997 the Taliban took over the govt. in Afghanistan after a lengthy civil war They immediately imposed strict Islamic law (Sharia Law) The Taliban allowed for al Qaeda to operate in Afghanistan

al Qaeda l l l Is a militant Islamist organization founded by Osama bin Laden Calls for global jihad and strict interpretation of Sharia Law Responsible for September 11, 2001 attacks on the US

September 11, 2001 l l 19 terrorists (15 Saudis, 1 Egyptian, 2 Lebanese, 1 UAE) hijacked 4 planes with the intent on carrying out terrorist attacks on the US Their Targets: New York City, Washington D. C. , and ? ?

The Attacks l l At 8: 46 am American Airlines Flight 11 hit the North Tower of the World Trade Center At 9: 03 am United Airlines Flight 175 crashed into the South Tower of the World Trade Center At 9: 37 am hijackers flew American Airlines Flight 77 into The Pentagon in Arlington County, Virginia At 10: 03 am United Airlines Flight 93 crashed into a field outside of Shanksville, Pennsylvania

The Routes

The Attacks-NYC

The Attacks-NYC

The Attacks-NYC

The Attacks-The Pentagon

The Attacks-Pennsylvania

The US Response l l Shortly after 9/11 President George W. Bush announced a new “War on Terror” The objective would be to eliminate groups such as al Qaeda to prevent them from striking at the US again

Invasion of Afghanistan l l The 9/11 attacks against the US were planned and trained for in Afghanistan “We will pursue nations that provide aid or safe haven to terrorism. Every nation in every region now has a decision to make. Either you are with us, or you are with the terrorists. ” -George W. Bush

Invasion of Afghanistan l l The Taliban had harbored Osama bin Laden and al Qaeda since 1996 The US and troops from a worldwide coalition removed the Taliban from most population centers, but the Taliban still control parts of the country today.

Operation Iraqi Freedom l l The US with the help of GB, Australia, and Poland invade Iraq and remove Saddam Hussein from power According to US President George W. Bush and British PM Tony Blair the mission was, "to disarm Iraq of weapons of mass destruction, to end Saddam Hussein's support for terrorism, and to free the Iraqi people. "

Weapons of Mass Destruction l These supposed weapons of mass destruction were never found…

Occupation of Iraq l Baghdad fell in April of 2003 and on May 1, 2003 George W Bush declared that “major combat operations were over”

The Surge-2007 l l l The US was losing Iraq to a new insurgency so the US put a new general with a new strategy in charge He was David Petraeus and he asked for 20, 000 additional troops to use a counterinsurgency strategy (COIN) The strategy shifted the combat troops into a “protect the population mode”

Occupation of Iraq l l 139 American Servicemen were killed before May 1, 2003 while more than 4, 000 have been killed since In 2012 the US pulled its last combat troops from Iraq but maintains a large diplomatic contingent

The Arab Spring

Map of Countries Involved

What was it? l l Series of protests and demonstrations that began in 2010 in North Africa and the Middle East that resulted in the overthrow of dictators in Tunisia, Libya, Egypt and Yemen. Factors leading to the demonstrations included issues like human rights violations, dictatorships, extreme poverty and unemployment, increasing food prices and economic decline. Protests were well organized and often led by educated young men and women who were at odds with how the governments handled problems in their countries. Social networks like Facebook and Twitter were used to organize rallies and protests.

Future? l l Protests continue in Syria where the government led by Bashar al-Assad has not backed down and has killed thousands of demonstrators. Calls from the international community including other Arab states call for his resignation. Some governments have made changes including a pledge by the king of Saudi Arabia to women to vote beginning in 2015. Sudanese dictator Omar al-Bashir, in power since 1989, also announced he will step down in 2015. Will many Arab states turn to democracy?

Globalization

Global Economy Definition: l All of the financial interactions among people, businesses, and governments that cross international borders.

Enabling Factors l Faster Transportation – – l Cargo Ships Air travel Faster Communication – – Telephone Internet l Allows for quick and easy global financial transactions

Multi-National Corporations l l Establish manufacturing plants in many countries. Control all facets of production. – – – l Acquiring raw materials Manufacture of components Assembly of components into finished products Allows them to view the entire world as a market for their goods.

Positive Effects of Globalization l l Jobs—especially in developing nations. Money—for the corporation and for its employees.

Negative Effects of Globalization l l l Unemployment for factory workers in developed nations. Increased use of energy resources like coal and oil. Pollution

Pollution l A result of the increased usage of fossil fuels like coal and oil. – – – Acid rain Smog Depletion of the Ozone Layer l Ozone serves as a filter against ultra-violet rays – Depletion caused by the release of CFCs (chlorofluorocarbons) during the manufacturing and other processes.

Congratulations! This was our last lecture/PP for the year! The remaining schedule is as follows: Ø Wed: Watch “West Wing” Ø Thurs: DPM Ø Fri: Review for Modern Era Test Ø Mon: OFF Ø Tues: Modern Era Test Ø Wed/Thurs: Watch “ 9/11: Zero Hour” Last week of school: Fri: Review for Finals (Mrs. A. will not be here this day!) Mon: Review for Finals (7 th) Tues: 1 st/5 th Wed: 3 rd/4 th half-days Thurs: 2 nd/6 th