Functional Clothing The emerging segment of Technical Textiles
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Functional Clothing: The emerging segment of Technical Textiles Dr Deepti Gupta Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, INDIA Origin Africa, April 2012, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia 1
Everyday clothing vs Functional Clothing Normal Clothing : Fulfils basic needs – aesthetic to simple protection from elements. Functional Clothing : Engineered to deliver pre-defined performance to user, over and above its normal functions. Provide protection from hazardous to life threatening situations, facilitate healing or recuperation and reduce fatigue during sporting activities. Aesthetics vs performance
Drivers for growth • Advances in technical fibres and fabrics • Advances in garment manufacturing technologies • Availability of military technologies 3
Functional clothing: characteristics • Physiological requirements - shape, size, mass, strength and metabolic activities. • Biomechanical requirements - dynamic and behavioral analysis of human activity. • Ergonomic requirements - mechanical characteristics of clothing should match the mechanics of human body. • Psychological requirements – Peer group, pride, social and cultural background, aesthetics. 4
User Activity User Survey Work Environment User Requirements Seams & Stitches Material selection Openings & closures Layering & Zoning Garment Design Material selection Accessories Size and Fit Pattern Design Garment Assembly Testing & Analysis Not Appropriate Bench scale Pattern Design Field Trials Appropriate Process flow for design of Technical clothing Production 5
Functional Clothing. Classification Based on Application 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Protective (extreme weather, NBC, injuries) Medical (therapeutic, bio sensing) Sports (performance enhancing) Vanity (body sculpting, body support) Cross functional (military, space suits) Special needs (disabled, elderly, pregnant) 6
Protective Clothing 1. 1. Protection against environmental hazards - Natural or occupational Extreme heat, fire, cold, rain, snow, dust, wind, UV exposure. 1. 2. Protection against biological, Chemical and Radiation hazards Ingestion, penetration or skin contact of hazardous chemicals, body fluids, toxic gases, germs or radioactive particulate matter. 7
Protective Clothing 1. 3 Protection against injuries High impact – • Extreme sport applications - motor biking, snow boarding • Ballistic. Blunt impact • Anti –riot , cricket ball hockey, collisions, falls. Cut/ Slash – • Meat cutting, chain saw work 8
Medical Clothing 2. 1 Therapeutic/ Rehabilitation Compression garments for burns, venous and lymphatic disorders, post operative. 9
Medical Clothing 2. 1 Therapeutic/ Rehabilitation Proprioception for bodily function impairment (body strength, sensory motor skills. 10
2. Medical Clothing 2. 2 Biosensing clothing Used to map critical physiological parameters -heart rate, blood oxygenation, pulse rate, body temperature. Critical care in ambulatory mode for elderly, disabled. Fitness assessment of sports persons , military personnel. 11
3. Sports Clothing Minimum restriction, maximum protection, enhanced performance General Sportswear • Aesthetic, • • Skin drying, Moisture transport Body temperature control Antibacterial UV block g n i h t o l c l na o i t c t o N n u F 12
3. Sports Clothing Performance sportswear Compression Blood circulation, higher oxygen supply Lower muscle vibration, reduced fatigue Body shape modification Aerodynamic for wind resistance Triathlon shorts 13
Proprioception Muscle support Aerodynamic 14
New 4. Vanity Clothing designed for body sculpting • Used to compress, uplift or support certain body parts preferentially to create a sculpted look. • Invisible support built into seams, special construction techniques. • Pants, undergarments, Posture shirt http: //www. Wear. It. Out. com. au 15
4. Vanity Clothing Eg. Posture enhancing shirt • Combines the science of proprioception (the unconscious perception of movement and spatial orientation arising from stimuli within the body itself) and targeted skeletal support technology. • The body is "cued" by neuro-receptors in the skin firing messages to the brain to pull the shoulders back while the integrated support system provides a subtle pulling and support action. Creates a positive anatomical change in the body- the upper arm and shoulder socket have been shown to be better aligned. Opedix. com
5. Cross Functional clothing assemblies Clothing required to fulfill several essential functions – Military Clothing – Space suits Protection, performance, communication, comfort all are equally critical.
Cross functional clothing assemblies Military Clothing Protection from hazards - ballistic, environmental (temperature, wind, precipitation, terrain, insects), flame, nuclear, chemical and biological agents, IR detection, laser, microwaves, static electricity and mental stress. Functionality – Perform military tasks with ease, mobility Compatibility with other elements : helmet, gas mask, ballistics gear, survival vest, cooling systems and hand foot gear. Communication: (GPS, monitoring and discreet devices). Identification: Friend or foe 18
Space suit 18, 000 odd parts, 11 layers, Everything an astronaut needs to stay alive –. • • • Stable internal pressure. Mobility- Achieved by careful joint design. Breathable oxygen. Temperature regulation Shielding against UV radiation, particle radiation Protection against small micrometeoroids A communication system Means to recharge and discharge gases and liquids Means to maneuver, dock, release onto spacecraft Means of collecting and containing solid and liquid waste Michael Quante, AATCC NEWS, Nov. 2009. http: //mvl. mit. edu/EVA/biosuit/index. html
Clothing for Special needs Design considerations include changed body shape, limitations of strength and mobility, social and psychological needs. – Aged, paraplegics, disabled. 20
In Conclusion Functional clothing • Receptive to new products and technologies • Highly sophisticated and high-tech. • Applications are diverse and complex • Available information is fragmented or protected. Evolutionary & Interdisciplinary 21
Thank you for your attention!! 22
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