Functional anatomy of Pro and Eucaryotic cell lecture

Functional anatomy of Pro- and Eucaryotic cell lecture 5 Dr. Samah Noor

The Eukaryotic Cell

Flagella and Cilia q Flagella few and long in relation to cell size q Flagella and cilia are used for motility q Cilia also move subtances along the surface q Both consists of 9 pairs and 2 singles microtubules Figure 4. 23 a-b

The Cell Wall and Glycocalyx Cell wall of some algae and fungi contain cellulose, chitin (fungi), mannan (yeast) Glycocalyx (animal) Carbohydrates extending from animal plasma membrane Bonded to proteins and lipids in membrane facilitate attachment to other cells

The Plasma Membrane Phospholipid bilayer Peripheral proteins Integral proteins Transmembrane proteins Sterols Glycocalyx carbohydrates

Cytoplasm membrane: Substance inside plasma and outside nucleus Cytosol: Fluid portion of cytoplasm (important functions) Cytoskeleton: A microscopic network of actin filaments and microtubules in the cytoplasm of many living cells that gives the cell shape and coherence Cytoplasmic streaming: Movement of cytoplasm throughout cells

Ribosomes Protein synthesis 80 S Membrane-bound: Attached to ER Free: In cytoplasm 70 S In chloroplasts and mitochondria

Organelles Nucleus: Contains chromosomes ER: Transport network Golgi complex: Membrane formation and secretion Lysosome: Digestive enzymes Vacuole: Brings food into cells and provides support

Organelles Mitochondrion: Cellular respiration Chloroplast: Photosynthesis Peroxisome: Oxidation of fatty acids; destroys H 2 O 2 Centrosome: Consists of protein fibers and centrioles

The Eukaryotic Nucleus q It contains the DNA in the form of chromosomes. q It is the most characteristics eukaryotic organelle Figure 4. 24

Endoplasmic Reticulum q It is membrane system connected to the nucleus membrane q ER provides a surface for chemical reactions, transport and stores synthesized molecules q Smooth ER and Rough ER Figure 4. 25

Golgi Complex q Consist of flatted sacs called cisterns. q It functions in membrane formation and protein secretion

Lysosomes and Vacuoles q Lysosomes are formed from the Golgi apparatus , they store digestive enzymes q Vacuoles are membrane enclosed cavities and found in plant cells that store various substances, increase cell sizes and provide rigidity.

Mitochondria q It is the site for ATP production q Contain 70 S ribosomes, DNA and multiply by binary fusion.

Chloroplasts q Contain chloroplast and enzymes for photo synthesis q Contain 70 S ribosomes, DNA and multiply by binary fusion. Figure 4. 28

Peroxisome and Centrosome q Peroxisome: is a specialized structure inside the cell which helps to rid of toxins, metabolism, oxidation, destroy H 2 O 2 q Centrosome: area that contains pericentriolar material and centrioles. q Centrioles: are 9 triplets microtubules forming the mitosis spindles and microtubules. Figure 4. 22 b