Functional Anatomy of Blood Vessels Special Circulations Right

Functional Anatomy of Blood Vessels

Special Circulations Right ventricle ↓ Pulmonary trunk ↓ Right and left pulmonary arteries ↓ Lobar arteries (2 left, 3 right) ↓ Arterioles ↓ Pulmonary capillaries ↓ Diffusion ↓ Venules ↓ Veins ↓ Pulmonary veins ↓ Left atrium Pulmonary Circulation Functional blood supply for the lungs comes from the aorta and through the bronchial arteries.

Special Circulations Placenta ↓ Umbilical vein ↓ Ductus venosus ↓ Inferior vena cava ↓ Right atrium ↓ Foramen ovale ↓ Left atrium ↓ Left ventricle ↓ Aorta ↓ Body ↓ Internal iliac arteries ↓ Umbilical arteries ↓ Placenta Fetal Circulation Liver Right ventricle ↓ Pulmonary trunk ↓ Ductus arteriosus Lower extremities Umbilical cord is made of the umbilical vein and two umbilical arteries. Vein carries nutrients and O 2 to fetus. Arteries carry CO 2 and wastes from fetus to placenta.

Special Circulation Arterial Supply of the Brain Aortic Arch Brachiocephalic artery Subclavian artery Common carotid arteries Vertebral arteries Internal carotid arteries Middle cerebral artery Basilar artery Posterior communicating artery Anterior cerebral artery Posterior cerebral arteries Anterior communicating artery

Special Circulation Arterial Supply of the Brain Anterior communicating Anterior cerebral Internal carotid Middle cerebral Posterior communicating Posterior cerebral Basilar Vertebral

Major Systemic Veins • Superior Vena Cava • Inferior Vena Cava

Major Systemic Veins Lower Limb Dorsal venous arch Great saphenous vein Dorsalis pedis vein ↓ Anterior tibial vein ↓ Popliteal vein ↓ Femoral vein ↓ External iliac vein ↓ Common iliac vein ↓ Inferior vena cava Small saphenous vein Plantar Arch ↓ plantar veins ↓ Posterior tibial vein Fibular (peroneal) vein

BLOOD VESSELS

BLOOD VESSELS Arterioles Veinules

COMPARISON OF ARTERIES, CAPILLARIES, & VEINS Arteries & Arterioles Capillaries Tunica Media Tunica Intima (Blood) Tunica Adventitia Veinules & Veins

CAPILLARY BEDS

BLOOD PRESSURE

VENOUS PUMP

VENOUS PUMP 1. Valves - formed from folds of tunica intima prevent backflow of blood in veinules & veins. 2. Function like semilunar valves forcing blood to flow against gravity toward the heart.

VENOUS PUMP 3. Skeletal muscles pressing against walls of veins provide force to move blood from one valve through the next toward the heart. 4. Skeletal muscles pressing against walls of veins provide force to move

VARICOSE VEINS 1. Veins that are stretched, dilated & overfilled with blood due to incompetent valves 2. Contributing causes: Weak valves or veins - (heredity) Excessive weight Excessive standing, straining Inadequate exercise Increased intra-pelvic pressure - pregnancy, constipation

VARICOSE VEINS

MAJOR ARTERIES OF THE BODY

Brachiocephalic Ascending Aorta Aortic Arch Thoracic Aorta Abdominal Aorta

Celiac

ARTERIES OF THE LEG External Iliac Internal Iliac Femoral Popliteal (behind knee) Anterior Tibial Posterior Tibial (behind Tibia)

ARTERIES OF THE HEAD & NECK

Major Systemic • Dorsal venous arch Veins • • • Dorsal venous arch Great saphenous Small saphenous Dorsalis pedis Anterior tibial Popliteal Femoral External iliac Common iliac Inferior vena cava • • • Great saphenous Femoral External iliac Common iliac Inferior vena cava • • Dorsal venous arch Small saphenous Popliteal Femoral External iliac Common iliac Inferior vena cava Lower Limb • • • Plantar arch Plantar veins Posterior tibial Fibular Anterior tibial Popliteal Femoral External iliac Common iliac Inferior vena cava

Major Systemic Veins I Hepatic veins Right suprarenal vein Right gonadal vein N F E R I O R Abdomen Hepatic veins Renal vein Left suprarenal vein Left gonadal vein V E N A Lumbar veins C A V A

Major Systemic Veins Occipital vein ↓ Posterior arcuate vein ↓ External jugular vein ↓ Head and Neck Facial Vertebral ↓ Subclavian vein Brachiocephalic vein ↓ Superior vena cava Superficial temporal vein Internal jugular vein

Major Systemic Veins • • • Occipital vein Posterior arcuate vein External jugular vein Subclavian vein Brachiocephalic vein Superior vena cava • • Head and Neck • • • Facial vein Superficial temporal vein Internal jugular vein Brachiocephalic vein Superior vena cava Vertebral vein Subclavian vein Brachiocephalic vein Superior vena cava

Major Systemic Veins Upper Limb Median antibrachial vein Ulnar vein Radial vein Basilic vein Brachial vein Cephalic Median cubital vein Axillary ↓ Subclavian ↓ Brachiocephalic ↓ Superior vena cava

Major Systemic Veins • • Ulnar vein Radial vein Brachial vein Axillary vein Subclavian vein Brachiocephalic vein Superior vena cava • • • Upper Limb • • • Basilic vein Brachial vein Axillary vein Subclavian vein Brachiocephalic vein Superior vena cava Cephalic vein Axillary vein Subclavian vein Brachiocephalic vein Superior vena cava

Major Systemic Veins Azygos System Posterior intercostal veins ↓ Ascending lumbar vein Hemiazygos vein Accessory hemiazygos veins Azygos vein Superior vena cava Thorax

Major Systemic Veins • • • Posterior intercostal veins Ascending lumbar veins Hemiazygos vein Azygos vein Superior vena cava Thorax Azygos System • Posterior intercostal veins • Ascending lumbar vein • Accessory hemiazygos veins • Azygos vein • Superior vena cava

Major Systemic Veins from distal large intestine ↓ Inferior mesenteric vein Veins from spleen ↓ Splenic vein Veins from digestive viscera, spleen, & pancreas ↓ Hepatic Portal vein ↓ Liver ↓ Hepatic veins ↓ Inferior vena cava Hepatic Portal System Veins from small intestine, ascending and transverse colon ↓ Superior mesenteric vein Veins from lesser curvature of stomach ↓ Left gastric vein

Major Systemic Veins Hepatic Portal System • Veins from distal large intestine • Inferior mesenteric vein • Veins from digestive viscera, spleen and pancreas • Hepatic portal vein • Liver • Hepatic veins • Inferior vena cava • Veins from small intestine, ascending and transverse colon • Superior mesenteric vein • Veins from digestive viscera, spleen and pancreas • Hepatic portal vein • Liver • Hepatic veins • Inferior vena cava • Veins from spleen • Splenic vein • Veins from digestive viscera, spleen and pancreas • Hepatic portal vein • Liver • Hepatic veins • Inferior vena cava • Veins from lesser curvature of stomach • Left gastric vein • Liver • Hepatic veins • Inferior vena cava

Major Systemic Veins Hepatic Portal System