Fuel Cells in maritime Applications Challanges Chances and

Fuel Cells in maritime Applications - Challanges, Chances and Experiences 2011 -09 -13 GL – Your competitive edge Take the lead through innovation

Content • Introduction / Motivation • Regulatory Background in Shipping • First Experiences for the use of Fuel Cell Systems on Board of Ships • The Incident on the vessel FCS ALSTERWASSER – Lessons Learned • Possible Market Potential for Fuel Cell Systems in Shipping • Outlook on Ongoing Projects • Conclusion Fuel Cells in maritime Applications - Challenges, Chances and Experiences 4 th ICHS Conference, 2011 -09 -12/14, San Francisco, USA | 28. 11. 2020 | No. 2

Content • Introduction / Motivation • Regulatory Background in Shipping • First Experiences for the use of Fuel Cell Systems on Board of Ships • The Incident on the vessel FCS ALSTERWASSER – Lessons Learned • Possible Market Potential for Fuel Cell Systems in Shipping • Outlook on Ongoing Projects • Conclusion Fuel Cells in maritime Applications - Challenges, Chances and Experiences 4 th ICHS Conference, 2011 -09 -12/14, San Francisco, USA | 28. 11. 2020 | No. 3

Motivation - Emissions in Shipping • Shipping is the most energy-efficient mode of transport. • However, emissions to air are currently in the focus of society and of IMO • A continuous reduction of NOx- and SOxemissions was recently agreed • A control and later reduction of maritime CO 2 -emissions is currently discussed Transport work (1/(t km): 14. 4 (ship), 7. 1 (truck), 6. 2 (airplane) Source: MEPC 59/4/7 • New technologies are required to enable more environmentally friendly shipping Fuel Cells in maritime Applications - Challenges, Chances and Experiences 4 th ICHS Conference, 2011 -09 -12/14, San Francisco, USA | 28. 11. 2020 | No. 4

Motivation - Costs • Harbour fees for vessel will be related to the produced ship emissions (e. g. Schweden / Norwegen, Rotterdam) additional costs / discount per BRZ • High energy prices 1. ) Source: 1. www. finanzen. net, 2011 -05 -17 Fuel Cells in maritime Applications - Challenges, Chances and Experiences 4 th ICHS Conference, 2011 -09 -12/14, San Francisco, USA | 28. 11. 2020 | No. 5

Content • Introduction / Motivation • Regulatory Background in Shipping • First Experiences for the use of Fuel Cell Systems on Board of Ships • The Incident on the vessel FCS ALSTERWASSER – Lessons Learned • Possible Market Potential for Fuel Cell Systems in Shipping • Outlook on Ongoing Projects • Conclusion Fuel Cells in maritime Applications - Challenges, Chances and Experiences 4 th ICHS Conference, 2011 -09 -12/14, San Francisco, USA | 28. 11. 2020 | No. 6

Motivation – Regulatory Background International Background - SOLAS, Part 1, Chapter II-2, Part B, Regulation 4, 2. 1 Limitations in the use of oils as fuel: „The following limitations shall apply to the use of oil as fuel: . 1 [. . . ] no oil fuel with a flashpoint of less than 60 °C shall be used; . 2 in emergency generators, oil fuel with a flashpoint of not less than 43 °C may be used; “ Fuel Cells in maritime Applications - Challenges, Chances and Experiences 4 th ICHS Conference, 2011 -09 -12/14, San Francisco, USA | 28. 11. 2020 | No. 7

Motivation – Regulatory Background International Background - IGF-Code International Code of Safety for Gas-fuelled Engine Installations in Ships (IGF Code) under development • first part of IGF-Codes came into force 2010 -07 -01 as a guideline [MSC 283. (86); GL VI-3 -1 - Guidelines for the Use of Gas as Fuel for Ships] (for methane CH 4; ICE) • development of IMO regulation from 2009 for all kind of gases (till approx. 2014; if applicable for all kinds of fuels with a lower flashpoint; all kinds of energy converter) • Chapter 6. 12 for Fuel Cell Systems Fuel Cells in maritime Applications - Challenges, Chances and Experiences 4 th ICHS Conference, 2011 -09 -12/14, San Francisco, USA | 28. 11. 2020 | No. 8

Content • Introduction / Motivation • Regulatory Background in Shipping • First Experiences for the use of Fuel Cell Systems on Board of Ships • The Incident on the vessel FCS ALSTERWASSER – Lessons Learned • Possible Market Potential for Fuel Cell Systems in Shipping • Outlook on Ongoing Projects • Conclusion Fuel Cells in maritime Applications - Challenges, Chances and Experiences 4 th ICHS Conference, 2011 -09 -12/14, San Francisco, USA | 28. 11. 2020 | No. 9

Examples Pleasure boats Commercial vessel Fuel Cells in maritime Applications - Challenges, Chances and Experiences 4 th ICHS Conference, 2011 -09 -12/14, San Francisco, USA | 28. 11. 2020 | No. 10

Further International Projects • Meth. APU 20 -250 k. W SOFC methanol • Fellow. SHIP 320 k. W MCFC natural gas Fuel Cells in maritime Applications - Challenges, Chances and Experiences 4 th ICHS Conference, 2011 -09 -12/14, San Francisco, USA | 28. 11. 2020 | No. 11

Content • Introduction / Motivation • Regulatory Background in Shipping • First Experiences for the use of Fuel Cell Systems on Board of Ships • The Incident on the vessel FCS ALSTERWASSER – Lessons Learned • Possible Market Potential for Fuel Cell Systems in Shipping • Outlook on Ongoing Projects • Conclusion Fuel Cells in maritime Applications - Challenges, Chances and Experiences 4 th ICHS Conference, 2011 -09 -12/14, San Francisco, USA | 28. 11. 2020 | No. 12

Incident on FCS ALSTERWASSER • Fire on board of FCS ALSTERWASSER Fuel Cells in maritime Applications - Challenges, Chances and Experiences 4 th ICHS Conference, 2011 -09 -12/14, San Francisco, USA | 28. 11. 2020 | No. 13

Incident on FCS ALSTERWASSER • No injured or death people ! • Neither the fuel cell system nor the hydrogen were the reason for the fire • The fuel cell system was brought in a safe state by the safety system before the fire developed • The safety concept was working without any limitation • Despite of the massive damage by the fire, there wasn’t any damage of the fuel cell system or the hydrogen storage ! Fuel Cells in maritime Applications - Challenges, Chances and Experiences 4 th ICHS Conference, 2011 -09 -12/14, San Francisco, USA | 28. 11. 2020 | No. 14

Incident on FCS ALSTERWASSER • One example from the safety concept: Safe separation of the danger areas. No damage of the fuel cell or the hydrogen storage! Fuel Cells in maritime Applications - Challenges, Chances and Experiences 4 th ICHS Conference, 2011 -09 -12/14, San Francisco, USA | 28. 11. 2020 | No. 15

Incident on FCS ALSTERWASSER GL FC Guideline FCS ALSTERWASSER was build according to the GL fuel cell guideline • GL Rules for Classification and Construction VI – Part 3 – Chapter 11 • Worldwide first Guideline for the Use of Fuel Cell Systems on Board of Ships and Boats • issued in 2003 Fuel Cells in maritime Applications - Challenges, Chances and Experiences 4 th ICHS Conference, 2011 -09 -12/14, San Francisco, USA | 28. 11. 2020 | No. 16

Content • Introduction / Motivation • Regulatory Background in Shipping • First Experiences for the use of Fuel Cell Systems on Board of Ships • The Incident on the vessel FCS ALSTERWASSER – Lessons Learned • Possible Market Potential for Fuel Cell Systems in Shipping • Outlook on Ongoing Projects • Conclusion Fuel Cells in maritime Applications - Challenges, Chances and Experiences 4 th ICHS Conference, 2011 -09 -12/14, San Francisco, USA | 28. 11. 2020 | No. 17

Valuation of the Commercial Situation – Market phases • Development: 2010 until 2015 Development of suitable 250. . . 500 k. W FC-Modules • Demonstration: 2015 until 2020 First commercial orders of development partners (involved yards) • Begin of market penetration: 2020 until 2025 Based on experiences and equal cost of the fuel cell systems in comparison to diesel generators FC-Systems will be established in the whole ship market • Market penetration: 2025 until 2030 Fuel Cells in maritime Applications - Challenges, Chances and Experiences 4 th ICHS Conference, 2011 -09 -12/14, San Francisco, USA | 28. 11. 2020 | No. 18

• • • • Passenger ships Mega yachts Ro. Ro Passenger, Cargo Other Passenger ships Ro. Ro carrier Other Ro. Ro ships Reefer Container ships Bulk carrier Other cargo ships Oil tanker Product tanker Gas tanker Chemical tanker Other tanker other ships Valuation of the Commercial Situation – Considered ship types Fuel Cells in maritime Applications - Challenges, Chances and Experiences 4 th ICHS Conference, 2011 -09 -12/14, San Francisco, USA | 28. 11. 2020 | No. 19 approx. 53. 000 vessel

accumulated number of FC modules Valuation of the Commercial Situation – Market potential: Initial markets (500 k. W systems only) Fuel Cells in maritime Applications - Challenges, Chances and Experiences 4 th ICHS Conference, 2011 -09 -12/14, San Francisco, USA | 28. 11. 2020 | No. 20

accumulated number of FC modules Valuation of the Commercial Situation – Market potential: Total maritime market (500 k. W systems) Fuel Cells in maritime Applications - Challenges, Chances and Experiences 4 th ICHS Conference, 2011 -09 -12/14, San Francisco, USA | 28. 11. 2020 | No. 21

Valuation of the Commercial Situation – Market potential: Small systems accumulated number of FC modules • Potential for 250 k. W-Systems: A market for container feeder and multi purpose vessels Fuel Cells in maritime Applications - Challenges, Chances and Experiences 4 th ICHS Conference, 2011 -09 -12/14, San Francisco, USA | 28. 11. 2020 | No. 22 700 Modules á 250 k. W until 2035 possible

Valuation of the Commercial Situation – additional market potential • Further ship types for initial markets (short term view): • • • Inland vessels Coast vessels Offshore vessels Navy vessels Research and public vessels Fuel Cells in maritime Applications - Challenges, Chances and Experiences 4 th ICHS Conference, 2011 -09 -12/14, San Francisco, USA | 28. 11. 2020 | No. 23

Content • Introduction / Motivation • Regulatory Background in Shipping • First Experiences for the use of Fuel Cell Systems on Board of Ships • The Incident on the vessel FCS ALSTERWASSER – Lessons Learned • Possible Market Potential for Fuel Cell Systems in Shipping • Outlook on Ongoing Projects • Conclusion Fuel Cells in maritime Applications - Challenges, Chances and Experiences 4 th ICHS Conference, 2011 -09 -12/14, San Francisco, USA | 28. 11. 2020 | No. 24

Lighthouse Project e 4 Ships National promoted Lighthouse Project consisting of 3 Projects: Sch. IBZ • Development of an maritime SOFC-System and test on board of a multi cargo vessel Pa. Xell • Integration and Testing of HT-PEM-System on board of a cruise vessel • Self-contained energy supply of a ship section with several Modules in a second phase Toplaterne • Ecological, technical and economical rating of the demo projects • Development of Proposals for the Code-Development Fuel Cells in maritime Applications - Challenges, Chances and Experiences 4 th ICHS Conference, 2011 -09 -12/14, San Francisco, USA | 28. 11. 2020 | No. 25

Content • Introduction / Motivation • Regulatory Background in Shipping • First Experiences for the use of Fuel Cell Systems on Board of Ships • The Incident on the vessel FCS ALSTERWASSER – Lessons Learned • Possible Market Potential for Fuel Cell Systems in Shipping • Outlook on Ongoing Projects • Conclusion Fuel Cells in maritime Applications - Challenges, Chances and Experiences 4 th ICHS Conference, 2011 -09 -12/14, San Francisco, USA | 28. 11. 2020 | No. 26

Summary • Fuel cell systems for maritime applications are becoming attractive for their low emission potential and their high energy efficiency • Regulatory requirements will allow the use of fuel cells in shipping in the future • Fuel cells systems on board of ships can be integrated with the same level of safety like conventional ships • Fuel cells will be already used in niche markets of the maritime industry • Previous projects have proven the feasibility of fuel cell systems on board of ships • Shipping has a high market potential for fuel cell systems • GL to. Applications actively- Challenges, drive Chances and Experiences Fuelcontinues Cells in maritime 4 th ICHS Conference, San Francisco, USA | development of 2011 -09 -12/14, new propulsion systems 28. 11. 2020 | No. 27 together with clients

Thanks for your attention! finn. vogler@gl-group. com