FRQ Part A primate city is the largest

FRQ ► Part A: primate city is the largest city in a country AND is more than twice the size of the next largest. ► Rank-size rule: The nth largest settlement is 1/n of the largest. The third largest settlement is 1/3 of the largest. ► Mexico City is a primate city and does not follow the rank-size rule. ► Total: 3 points

Two positive effects of primate cities on economic development. (2 points) ► ► ► ► Advantages of agglomeration of economic activity. Large market for goods and services. Ability to offer high-end goods and services (including education) because of larger threshold population. Advantages of enhanced flow of information and ideas in large population. Advantages of centralized transportation and communication network. Global trade opportunities; primate cities can compete on a global scale and attract foreign investment.

Two negative effects of primate cities on economic development. (2 points) ► ► ► ► Unequal distribution of investments deters national economic development. Unequal economic and/or resource development. Unequal distribution of wealth and/or power. Transportation network (hub and spoke) prevents equal accessibility to all regions. Impact of centrifugal forces and difficulties of political cohesion on economic development. Brain drain — migration and unequal distribution of education, entrepreneurship, opportunities. Negative externalities, e. g. , unsustainable urbangrowth/slums/environmental impacts if these arerelated to economic development, e. g. , burden on national economy to cope with problems.

City Models ► For US cities the city models deal with socioeconomic status – aka class. ► Upper class, middle class, lower class

Concentric Zone – Burgess Model

Bid Rent Theory

Burgess Model con’t. ► CBD is the center ► Everything is in relation to the CBD ► Based on Chicago in the early 1900’s ► Problem: many upper class/wealthy individuals are moving closer to the CBD in neighborhoods: ex. – Gold Coast, Lincoln Park

Sector Model – Homer Hoyt

Sector con’t. ► CBD is still the focal point of this model ► Zones extend along transportation routes ► Also based on Chicago ► This model describes Chicago much better than Burgess – specifically industrial sectors and high class residential

Multiple Nuclei – Harris and Ullman

Multiple Nuclei con’t. ► Suggest urban growth is independent of the CBD ► Airports and universities support the multiple nuclei model. How?

Maps of Indianapolis ► The following maps of Indianapolis reflect different data and all show a different spatial pattern that represents one of the previous models. Try to identify the model.

13 -10

13 -8

13 -9

Latin American City Model

Latin American model con’t ► Wealthiest push out in an elite sector in a narrow spine with amenities for the rich ► Squatter settlements are on the periphery

European Cities ► Most of the wealthy live close to the CBD – different from most American cities. ► As a result most live in small houses, townhouse, and condos. ► Where do most Europeans go for open space? ► Most cities were built before cars

Vondel Park, Amsterdam

Prague, Czech Republic

Copenhagen, Denmark