From Integrated Circuit to Photonic Devices Marco Castellari

From Integrated Circuit to Photonic Devices Marco Castellari Student at University of Ferrara 2 May 2016 marco. castellari 01@gmail. com 1

Who I am? Secondary school: Scuola Paritaria di Primo Grado San Giuseppe, Lugo High school: Chief Qualified Industrial Technician– specialization in Electronics and Telecommunications -I. T. I. S. «G. Marconi» Lugo, Italy- University: Electronics and Computer Science and Telecommunication Engineering Contact me: marco. castellari 01@gmail. com -University of Ferrara 2 May 2016 marco. castellari 01@gmail. com 2

What I am going to show you : • Day 1 : The Integrated Circuit (IC) – A brief history – Integrated Circuit in a nutshell – Making IC • Day 2 : Photonic Devices – A new generation of IC – How to drive the light? – Real Examples 2 May 2016 marco. castellari 01@gmail. com 3

Day 1 : a brief history • 1946 : «The Giant Brain» designed by J. Mauchly and J. P. Eckert • The first general-purpose computer • Start of a new era in computing BUT… …It was not portable! 2 May 2016 ENIAC-The first digital computer (Courtesy U. S Army) marco. castellari 01@gmail. com 4

Integrated Circuits in a nutshell • The integrated circuits are nothing more than a very advanced electronic circuit. • J. Kilby and R. Noyce : «The revolution of Integrated Circuits» ENIAC-The first digital computer (Courtesy U. S Army) 2 May 2016 marco. castellari 01@gmail. com Intel 4004 microprocessor (Courtesy Intel) 5

Integrated Circuits in a nutshell • Integrated circuits are the keystones of modern electronics. They are the heart and brains of most circuits. They are the ubiquitous little black “chips” you find on just about every circuit board. • An IC is a collection of electronic components - resistors, transistors, capacitor, and so on – all stuffed into a tiny chip, and connected together to achieve a common goal. Sparkfun tutorial 2 May 2016 IC die overview. marco. castellari 01@gmail. com 6

The first microprocessor - Intel 4004 die (Courtesy Intel) 2 May 2016 marco. castellari 01@gmail. com 7

Making an IC - Silicon wafer Photoresist Ligth exposure Doping (atomic diffusion) - Etching - Repeat the same steps until the IC is complete Courtesy IBM 2 May 2016 marco. castellari 01@gmail. com 8

Day 2 : Photonic Devices A new generation of Integrated Circuit works with light beam instead of traditional current. But is it possible to drive the light? Nanophotonics Labs 2 May 2016 IBM Optical Network-on-Chip (Courtesy IBM) marco. castellari 01@gmail. com 9

How to drive the light? Light is an electromagnetic wave but it can be thougth as a car on an highway (more or less). Optical Combiner 2 May 2016 Micro ring resonator (MRR) marco. castellari 01@gmail. com 10

Real Examples Design of a simple switch made at the University of Ferrara. Lambda Router (Courtesy University of Ferrara) 2 May 2016 marco. castellari 01@gmail. com 11

Real Examples • The light is reflected inside the fiber core and can travel very long distance without power loss. Optical fiber – structural view 2 May 2016 marco. castellari 01@gmail. com 12

Tomorrow? 2 May 2016 marco. castellari 01@gmail. com 13

Tomorrow? 2 May 2016 marco. castellari 01@gmail. com 14

Tomorrow? 2 May 2016 marco. castellari 01@gmail. com 15

Pillars of Hercules «I hope that when you leave this school it will be like going through the Pillars of Hercules; Discover day per day new things and going every time deep in knowledge. You are the tomorrow!» -Ing. M. Tazzari- 2 May 2016 marco. castellari 01@gmail. com 16