From Exploration to Settlement The Columbian Exchange Colonization

From Exploration to Settlement The Columbian Exchange & Colonization

The Columbian Exchange 1. Take a few more minutes and think about three (3) foods (fruit, vegetable, meat, fish, poultry, etc. ) or dishes that you could not live without. List those three (3) foods or dishes on your paper.

The Columbian Exchange 2. In what state/country/region do you think those foods are grown in today? 3. In what state/country/region do you think those foods originally came from?

The Columbian Exchange 4. The reason we have our favorite foods is because of the Columbian Exchange. The exchange of plants, animals, diseases, & people between the New & Old World.

The Columbian Exchange 4. The reason we have our favorite foods is because of the Columbian Exchange. The exchange of plants, animals, diseases, & people between the New & Old World. ▪ When European explorers landed in the Americas, they took samples of the new plants & animals back home. ▪ When Europeans explorers returned home & came back they brought plants & animals to the New World. ▪ Over time, whole regions were changed & cultivated for new wildlife & agriculture.

The Columbian Exchange � Let’s figure out which diseases, animals, & plants originated! � When I call out a name, tell me where it came from (New World or Old World)! WHERE DID THESE DISEASES ORIGINATE? � Smallpox � Influenza � Syphilis � Malaria � Measles � Cholera

The Columbian Exchange WHERE DID THESE ANIMALS ORIGINATE? � Turkeys � Cattle � Chickens � Horses � Pigs � Sheep � Goats From the list, which item above do you think has had the biggest impact on our lives? Why? WHERE DID THESE PLANTS ORIGINATE? � � � � Chocolate Bananas Corn Potatoes Sugar Apples Rice Beans Citrus Fruits Coffee Tobacco Tomatoes Wheat/Oats

The Columbian Exchange 5. The impact of the Columbian Exchange: New diets (food consumed on a regular basis) were introduced. ▪ This improved the life expectancy of people around the globe.

The Columbian Exchange 5. The impact of the Columbian Exchange: New diets (food consumed on a regular basis) were introduced. ▪ This improved the life expectancy of people around the globe. Familiar staples (foods associated w/ specific regions or countries) were created. Examples? ▪ Regions across the globe gained new economic opportunities.

The Columbian Exchange 5. The impact of the Columbian Exchange: New diets (food consumed on a regular basis) were introduced. ▪ This improved the life expectancy of people around the globe. Familiar staples (foods associated w/ specific regions or countries) were created. Examples? ▪ Regions across the globe gained new economic opportunities. New diseases killed millions, leaving the New World depopulated. ▪ The survivors were too weak or too few to work for Europeans.

The Columbian Exchange 6. Despite such high demand for cash crops & new products alike, there was a problem: there were not enough…

The Columbian Exchange 6. Despite such high demand for cash crops & new products alike, there was a problem: there were not enough… Natives left in the New World to work on plantations. Europeans in the New World to govern plantations. Settlements to manufacture & transport these goods. �These problems would be solved through the use of colonization. What is colonization? What is a colony?

The Columbian Exchange What is colonization? ▪ Process of establishing colonies in new lands far from the home-country. What is a colony? ▪ A group of non-native people who settle in a new land, but keep ties to their home.

Colonization 1. European kings wanted the wealth of the New World, but did not have the wealth in money to create these colonies. Therefore, merchants financed colonies for their GOV’s. Even with merchants, the cost of starting a colony was too high individually so merchants created a new type of business in order to colonize the New World called a joint-stock company. ▪ A company ran by several people who combine their money to create a larger business.

Colonization 1. European kings wanted the wealth of the New World, but did not have the wealth in money to create these colonies. Therefore, merchants financed colonies for their GOV’s. Even with merchants, the cost of starting a colony was too high individually so merchants created a new type of business in order to colonize the New World called a joint-stock company. ▪ A company ran by several people who combine their money to create a larger business. ▪ Cost, profit, ownership, & liability are all shared. ▪ To buy into a company, you purchased stock to be a stockholder. ▪ This way a business can grow with new money from investors.

Colonization �Let’s think of it this way! �Which is more expensive: buying a car by yourself or buying a car w/ four of your friends? What is the advantage of buying solo? What is the disadvantage of buying solo? What is the advantage of buying w/ multiple people? What is the disadvantage of buying w/ multiple people? ▪ This is why European kings wanted merchants to finance colonies: if the colony fails the government comes out okay, but if it succeeds everyone benefits. It is the idea of shared, or limited, liability.

Colonization 2. Large colonies were setup all across the New World thanks to joint stock companies. Colonies were setup around a large number of plantations. Large farms that grow cash crops for profit. Cash crops are products grown for sale, not consumption. ▪ Examples? Tobacco, sugar, indigo, & cotton. What groups of people could you get to work these plantations? Why would Europeans not want to work on plantations? Who did the Europeans force to work on their plantations? Why?

Colonization �Looking at the map below, what sections did each country colonize in the New World?

The Triangle Trade 1. With native populations low, Europeans began the Atlantic Slave Trade: Capture, sale, & transport of Africans by Europeans to work as slaves in the New World.

The Triangle Trade 1. With native populations low, Europeans began the Atlantic Slave Trade: Capture, sale, & transport of Africans by Europeans to work as slaves in the New World. Slavery had existed across the world for centuries upon centuries, but never had slavery been used this extensively, or ever has since. ▪ The state of being under complete control of another person. ▪ The slave trade was just one part of the larger trade network between Old World & New World. This network was called the Triangle Trade.

The Triangle Trade 2. The Triangle Trade was a… Trade network that traded finished goods, slaves, & raw materials between Europe, Africa, & the Americas.

The Triangle Trade 2. The Triangle Trade was a… Trade network that traded finished goods, slaves, & raw materials between Europe, Africa, & the Americas. ▪ Raw materials are unused materials combined to make a finished good. ▪ Finished goods are goods 100% built & ready for sale. Let’s complete the graphic to explain how The Triangle Trade works!

The Triangle Trade • What items are being shipped to Africa & the Americas from Europe? • What items are being shipped to Europe from Africa? • What is being shipped to the Americas from Africa? • What items are being shipped to Africa from the Americas? • What items are being shipped to Europe from the Americas? • What is being shipped between the colonies in the Americas?

Mercantilism 1. This new focus on the Atlantic trade routes singlehandedly created a new economic system called Mercantilism. An economic system is a set of ideas that guide decisions in the economy.

Mercantilism 1. This new focus on the Atlantic trade routes singlehandedly created a new economic system called Mercantilism. An economic system is a set of ideas that guide decisions in the economy. Mercantilism is an economic system where the GOV controls the economy in order to gain wealth & expand their sphere of influence.

Mercantilism 1. This new focus on the Atlantic trade routes singlehandedly created a new economic system called Mercantilism. An economic system is a set of ideas that guide decisions in the economy. Mercantilism is an economic system where the GOV controls the economy in order to gain wealth & expand their sphere of influence. ▪ Spheres of influence are people, regions, & objects that you can control though your influence. ▪ Secular GOV’s have already gained political power during the Renaissance & Reformation, but now they will begin to gain mass amounts of political power due to Mercantilism.

Mercantilism 2. Secular GOV’s have already gained political power during the Renaissance & Reformation, but now Secular GOV will begin its ultimate rise to dominance thanks to Mercantilism. Before, Kings were rich due to land but had little influence or power; Exploration will give Kings wealth & power & influence thanks to colonies, gold, & trade. Before, Kings had limited ability to affect the world around them; Exploration will give Kings the wealth to wage war, build gigantic palaces, & create powerful GOV’s. ▪ Colonies, gold, & trade will create Kings absolute in their authority, the likes of which had not been since the Roman Empire.

Mercantilism

Mercantilism 3. The Principles of Mercantilism: Wealth (gold) is a finite (limited) resource. ▪ Imagine it as a pie chart w/ only so much to go around. Wealth (gold) determines your strength & influence. ▪ Money is the sole determiner of how strong you are.

Mercantilism 3. The Principles of Mercantilism: Wealth (gold) is a finite (limited) resource. ▪ Imagine it as a pie chart w/ only so much to go around. Wealth (gold) determines your strength & influence. ▪ Money is the sole determiner of how strong you are. GOV’s gain wealth through wars & colonies. ▪ You take it at other’s expense or earn it. W/ wealth comes power, w/ power comes influence, w/ influence comes more wealth. ▪ And the cycle repeats itself! ▪ Let’s see Mercantilism in action!

Mercantilism � Let’s assume that wealth in this class is measured in Jolly Ranchers! This bag of Jolly Ranchers is going to be the only source of wealth in the class, thus it is a finite resource. To increase your individual power, you must do so at your classmates’ expense (you gain when others lose). Right now, no one is more powerful than anyone else! Some of you have earned a Jolly Rancher through hard-work, good scores on Map Quizzes, & solid participation. The rest of you will have to accumulate wealth by another means. Remember, the more Jolly Ranchers you have, the more power you have over others, thus your sphere of influence increases!