FROM AACR 2 to RDA and a few

FROM AACR 2 to RDA (and a few things in between) The history and context of RDA development Jenny Stephens, National Library of Australia, October 2010 Revised 2012 This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3. 0 Australia License http: //creativecommons. org/licenses/by/3. 0/au/

Overview • From AACR 2 to RDA, Part I: History and Context • FRBR/FRAD • From AACR 2 to RDA, Part II: Structure

Overview TODAY - • History of RDA Development • International context

1978

History of RDA Why replace AACR 2? • International Conference 1997 – Analysis of underlying structure of AACR 2 – Intellectual Content vs. Physical format • Too much to just “amend” AACR 2

History of RDA AACR 3? 2004 proposal for AACR 3: – Extensive revision of Part I of AACR 2 – Alignment with FRBR – Addition of a third section for authority control • Constraints of working within existing AACR structure

History of RDA 2005 – new standard • Built on the foundations of AACR 2 BUT • New structure and new emphasis • Designed for the digital world • Adaptable and flexible for the future

History of RDA • Three parts: – Resource description – Provision of Access points – Formulation of data used for authority control • Focused on user tasks • Independent of presentation/encoding standards • More user-friendly wording, layout and formatting

International Context RDA FRBR/FRAD/FRSA D MARC International Cataloguing Principles Metadata standards Advances in Web Development ISBD

Functional requirements for Bibliographic and Authority Data • • Growth of shared cataloguing Lower level cataloguing Catalogues not meeting user needs 1990 - IFLA study to define the functional requirements of bibliographic records [Source: Adapted from Functional Requirements for Bibliographic records (FRBR), Functional requirements for Authority Data (FRAD), Catherine Argus, 2010] 10

Functional requirements for Bibliographic and Authority Data • Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records (1998) • Functional Requirements for Authority Data (2009) • Functional Requirements for Subject Authority Data (2010) • Ongoing review, eventual consolidation. [Source: Adapted from Functional Requirements for Bibliographic records (FRBR), Functional requirements for Authority Data (FRAD), Catherine Argus, 2010] 11

Functional requirements for Bibliographic and Authority Data Conceptual models – Identify & define things that are important - entities – Identify & define the attributes that characterise the entities – Identify & define significant relationships between entities [Source: RDA : Resource description and access, Deirdre Kiorgaard. RDA information session for QUT students, August 31, 2010]

Functional requirements for Bibliographic and Authority Data • Define bibliographic entities – resources, people, families, corporate bodies, and subjects • List their attributes • Identify the relationships between the entities • Map to user tasks [Source: Adapted from: What you need to know about FRBR and FRAD when reading RDA, Pat Riva, May 2009] 13

Functional requirements for Bibliographic and Authority Data • are not cataloguing rules • are not system models • do not prescribe how they might be implemented [Source: Adapted from Functional Requirements for Bibliographic records (FRBR), Functional requirements for Authority Data (FRAD), Catherine Argus, 2010] 14

FRBR and RDA • RDA uses FRBR and FRAD concepts, terms and user tasks • RDA content and organisation reflect FRBR and FRAD – Attributes – Relationships [Source: Functional Requirements for Bibliographic records (FRBR), Functional requirements for Authority Data (FRAD), Catherine Argus, 2010] 15

Paris Principles 1961 • Achieved international standardisation • Used as the basis of most cataloguing standards BUT • Covered only textual works • Focused on choice and form of entries 16

International Cataloguing Principles 2009 • All types of materials • All aspects of bibliographic and authority data • Built on FRBR Model • Underlying principles of RDA 17

International Cataloguing Principles 2009 Principles: • Convenience of users • Common usage • Representation • Accuracy • Sufficiency and necessity • Significance 18

International Cataloguing Principles 2009 Principles (continued): • Economy • Consistency and standardisation • Integration http: //www. ifla. org/publications/statement-ofinternational-cataloguing-principles 19

International Standard Bibliographic Description (1971) • Aims • Promotion of uniform bibliographic description • Facilitates shared cataloguing • Determined • Required data elements • Sequence of elements • Prescribed punctuation • Multiple ISBDs for different formats • AACR 2 framework based on ISBD 20

International Standard Bibliographic Description (2007) • Aims unchanged • Single consolidated ISBD that is format neutral • Conformed to FRBR data elements • Influenced RDA development, but do not dictate structure. http: //www. ifla. org/publications/ifla-series-on-bibliographiccontrol-44 21

• Machine Readable Code for catalogue data • Based on layout of card catalogue • Still the most widely used encoding standard in library systems. • Developed beyond boundaries of AACR 2 22

Bibliographic Framework Transition Initiative Working Group on the Future of Bibliographic Control (2008) US RDA Test (2010) MARC Standard insufficient for current and future needs 23

Bibliographic Framework Transition Initiative Progress to date: • Consultation with Libraries, MARC users, MARBI and other standards groups • Defined requirements for the new bibliographic framework. • Contracted Zepheira to develop model(s) for discussion within community http: //www. loc. gov/marc/transition/ 24

World wide web of information Semantic web RDF Metadata standards Linked Data

Defined a set of core metadata elements. Developed and maintained by cultural and computer science sectors Registry for Application profiles Developed for the National Science Digital Library (NSDL), now open to all metadata communities. RDA on OMR http: //metadataregistry. org/schema/list/page/3. html 26

Set of standards developed by Publishing industry ONIX • Books • Serials • Licensing terms and rights information http: //www. editeur. org/8/ONIX/ 27

Semantic Web Source: Video still from Intro to the Semantic Web by Manu Sporny http: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=OGg 8 A 2 zf. WKg

Linked Data 1. Use URIs as names for things 2. Use HTTP URIs so that people can look up those names. 3. When someone looks up a URI, provide useful information, using the standards (RDF*, SPARQL) 4. Include links to other URIs. so that they can discover more things. http: //www. w 3. org/Design. Issues/Linked. Data. html

RDF • Resource Description Framework (RDF) • Model for labelling and linking information using URIs http: //www. w 3. org/TR/2004/REC-rdfprimer-20040210/#statements

RDA Today 2010 – Published June 2010 – Free public trial of Toolkit – Subscriptions available – US National Testing, 2 nd half 2010

RDA Today 2011 Full Report: Report and Recommendations of the U. S. RDA Test Coordinating Committee – Recommended implementation not before 2013, pending • Rewording of text • Changes to the content of RDA • Significant progress towards replacing MARC – US National Libraries accepted recommendations – LC, Canada, Britain and Australia agreed to a joint implementation.

RDA Today Where are we at now? • LC has announced a firm implementation date of March 1, 2013. • National Library of Australia - rolling implementation beginning January 2013 • Training documentation being developed • Rewording of RDA text nearing completion • Progress towards replacement of MARC continues.

RDA Today At the National Library of Australia • Develop and provide training • Policies • System changes • Update documentation

Sources International Federation of Library Associations www. ifla. org Joint Steering Committee for the Development of RDA www. rda-jsc. org Dublin Core Metadata Initiative http: //dublincore. org/ Editeur http: //www. editeur. org/

Sources Oliver, Chris, Introducing RDA : a guide to the basics (London, Facet Publishing, 2010) Argus, Catherine, Functional Requirements for Bibliographic records (FRBR), Functional requirements for Authority Data (FRAD). [Powerpoint presentation, 2010] Kiorgaard, Deirdre, RDA : Resource description and access, [RDA information session for QUT students, August 31, 2010]

Sources ACOC Website http: //www. nla. gov. au/lis/stndrds/grps /acoc/rda. html

Acronyms RDA JSC COP IFLA ICP ISBD FRBR FRAD DCMI BFTI RDF Resource Description and Access Joint Steering Committee for the Development of RDA Committee of Principals (JSC’s governing body) International Federation of Library Associations International Cataloguing Principles (2009) International Standard Bibliographic Description Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records Functional Requirements for Authority Data Dublin Core Metadata Initiative Bibliographic Framework Transition Initiative Resource Description Framework