Friendly Alert Listening Quiz 2 Tuesday 16 April

Friendly Alert: Listening Quiz # 2 Tuesday, 16 April 2019 Written Test # 2 Thursday, 18 April 2019 both cover Indonesia and Africa

Friendly Alert # 2: FINAL EXAM (written) Thursday, 25 April 2019 7: 00 am - 9: 50 pm Includes LISTENING QUIZ # 3 Comprehensive (anything studied this semester)

Titon – Chapter 3 Africa / Ewe, Mande, Dagbamba, Shona, Ba. Aka

The World

Africa (physical features)

Africa (population density)

Africa (climate)

Languages of the World

Language Groups of Africa

Bantu languages – Southern Africa (400 languages, 100 million speakers) Language Approx. # of speakers Main geographic area Fang Boulou Ewondo Douala Bamileke Luva Tshiluba Lingala 560 000 Kikongo 6 million Cameroon, Gabon Cameroon Congo-Kinshasa Central African Republic, Congo-Brazzaville, Congo-Kinshasa Angola, Congo-Brazzaville, Congo-Kinshasa Congo (South) Uganda Rwanda, Burundi 400 000 2 million 6. 3 million 6 million 8 million Kituba 5 million Luganda 4 million Makoua Kinyarwanda-Kirundi 15 million

Bantu languages – Southern Africa (cont’d) Language Approx. # of speakers Main geographic area Swahili 30 million Tanzania, Kenya, Uganda, Congo DR, Rwanda, Burundi Kenya Tanzania Zambia Malawi, Zambia Angola Mozambique, Zambia, Zimbabwe South Africa, Botswana South Africa Zimbabwe, South Africa Comoros Kikouyou 4. 6 million Sukuma Bemba Nyanja (chewa, chinyanja) 3. 2 million Kimbundu 3 million Umbundu 4 million Shona 10 million Sotho Tswana Zulu Ndebele Xhosa Comorian languages 3. 5 million 3 million 5 million 1 million 4 million 900 000

MAJOR TRIBES OF AFRICA (1) • • • Afar Amhara Anlo-Ewe Ashanti Bakongo • • Bambara Bemba Berber Bobo Chewa Dogon Fulani Ethiopia, Eritrea, Djibouti, Somalia Central highland plateau of Ethiopia SE corner of Ghana Central Ghana Atlantic coast of Africa from Pointe-Noire, Republic of Congo to Luanda, Angola Mali NE Zambia Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, Libya, Egypt W Burkina Faso, Mali Zambia, Zimbabwe, Malawi SE Mali, Burkina Faso Benin West Africa

MAJOR TRIBES OF AFRICA (2) • Ibo Nigeria • Kikuyu Kenya • Mandinka Senegal, The Gambia, Mali, Guinea-Bissau, Burkina Faso, Cote d’Ivoire • Masai East Africa • Pygmy Democratic Republic of Congo, Cameroon, Gabon, Central African Republic, Rwanda, Burundi, Uganda, Republic of Congo • Samburu Kenya • San Kalahari Desert in southern Africa • Senufo N Cote d’Ivoire, Mali • Tuareg N Mali • Wolof Senegal • Yoruba SW Nigeria, Benin • Zulu South Africa

African Tribal Groups (1929)

West African Tribes

More African Tribal Groups West Central Africa (Congo River Basin) East Africa (Tanzania)

Mineral Reserves (South Africa)

Africa (political)

Benin (West Africa) Political Tribal groups

Africa (Colonial)

General African Music Traits • • Emphasis on Rhythm Use of Percussion Density of Timbre (“buzzy sound”) Use of Ostinato Use of interlocking parts Call and Response Controlled Improvisation

Mbira • Plucked Idiophone • Lamellaphone (Lamella = “Tongue”) • Mbira – common name in Zimbabwe and most of Sub-Saharan Africa • Called Kalimba in Kenya, Ikembe in Rwanda, Likembe in Congo • Called “thumb piano, ” “gourd piano, ” “finger harp, ” etc. in West

Mbira "Nhemamusasa“

Mbira "Chigwaya"

Zimbabwe (formerly Rhodesia)

Mineral Reserves (South Africa)

A Shona Village

Shona Farmlands

Bira

Bira • Ceremony for spirit of a dead ancestor • Burial of the body (flesh = black shadow) • Worm (gonye) emerges from grave and the spirit (white shadow) wanders about 1 year • Bira (ceremony) – welcomes spirit home - food (ground corn & meat, beer, etc. ) - music (played by Mbira and Hosho) • Spirit admitted back into family circle

Mbira on You. Tube • Mbira - Spirit of the People (Thomas Mapfumo, Oliver Mtukudzi) • You. Tube - Lessons from the Mbira at Duke University • Mbira of Zimbabwe – You. Tube • Mbira Maestros – You. Tube • Bira ( 6 Hours) Mbira, Ngoma Hosho - You. Tube

General African Music Traits • • Emphasis on Rhythm Use of Percussion Density of Timbre (“buzzy sound”) Use of Ostinato Use of interlocking parts Call and Response Controlled Improvisation