Friday February 17 2017 Agenda 10 Catalyst 20

Friday February 17, 2017 Agenda (10) Catalyst (20) GN: Enzymes (15) Kahoot (40) Enzyme Virtual Lab & Questions (5) Exit ticket I can: ü describe enzymes in terms of the lock and key model Catalyst 1. What kind of biomolecule are enzymes? 2. What is the monomer of a protein? 3. What indicator is used to detect simple sugars (monosaccharides)? *TURN IN CATALYST SHEET* *QUIZ CORRECTIONS & EC DUE* HW: Virtual Lab Questions (if incomplete) Test Corrections due THURSDAY (2/23)

+ Chemical reactions change one substance to another. For Example: 2 H 2 + O 2 ➝ 2 H 2 O

+ A chemical journey: Follow the arrow! 2 H 2 + O 2 ➝ H 2 O The arrow is the most important part of the reaction. When we read a reaction, we say “makes” or “yields. ”

+ A chemical journey: Follow the arrow! 2 H 2 + O 2 ➝ H 2 O Reactants aka Substrates: come BEFORE the arrow; what you put into the reaction Products: come AFTER the arrow; what you end up with

+ Think: Circle the products and box the substrates 1. NH 3 + HCl NH 4 Cl 2. HCl + Zn H 2 + Zn. Cl 2 3. Glucose + Oxygen H 2 O + CO 2 + Energy 4. H 2 O + CO 2 + Sunlight Glucose +O 2

+ Chemical Reactions Chemical reactions require energy to get started. • the energy required to start a reaction is called the activation energy • once the activation energy is supplied, the reaction can occur

+ Enzymes Enzyme: proteins that speed up a chemical reaction by lowering its activation energy a. k. a. biological catalysts without enzyme = greater activation energy with enzyme = less activation energy

+ Enzymes (Notes) n. We need enzymes for every process that happens in our bodies! n. For example: Digesting food, moving around

+ Enzymes (Think & Share) What biomolecule are enzymes? What do enzymes do?

+ Enzymes Vocabulary Substrate: the material that an enzyme binds to; the reactant Complex: enzyme binds to substrate

Which one is the substrate? Which one is the enzyme? Which one is the product?

+ Enzymes often end in -ase nlactase (breaks down lactose) nhelicase (unzips DNA) namylase (breaks down amylose) nlipase (breaks down lipids)

+ Enzymes (Think) What’s a substrate? What do enzymes usually end in? Is lactase an enzyme or a substrate? How do you know? What do you predict is the substrate for the enzyme sucrase?

+ Characteristics of Enzymes are: nspecific nreusable

+ Enzymes (Notes) Enzymes are specific: n They n The only work with one substrate enzyme and the substrate fit together like a lock and a key at the enzyme’s active site.

+ Enzymes (Notes) Enzymes are reusable: They are not changed during a reaction This means that they can be used again The substrate is changed: it becomes the products

+ Enzymes (Think) What does it mean to say that enzymes are specific? What does it mean to say that enzymes are reusable?

+ Enzymes (Notes) enzyme lactase lactose+ H 20 substrate glucose+galactose products

+ Enzymes (Think) Structure X: substrate Structure Y: enzyme Structure Z: product

+ Enzymes (Think and Share) What is an enzyme? What does it mean to say that enzymes are specific? What does it mean to say that enzymes are reusable? Why are enzymes important?

+ p. H (Notes) Low p. H (0 -7) is acidic High p. H (7 -14) is basic = 7 is neutral

+ Destroying Enzymes (Notes) An enzyme’s job is determined by its SHAPE! …So what happens when the shape of an enzyme is changed?

+ Destroying Enzymes Denature: enzyme changes shape so it no longer works Because its shape changed, the enzyme can no longer fit the substrate like a lock and key.

+ Destroying Enzymes (Notes) Enzymes are denatured by: EXTREME (HIGH and LOW) p. H and temperatures

+ Destroying Enzymes (Think) What does it mean for an enzyme to be denatured? Would an enzyme function if it was denatured? How can enzymes be denatured?

+ Optimum Conditions Each enzyme has conditions that it works best under. optimum = best To find the optimum p. H or Temperature, 1. find the place with the highest peak 2. go DOWN to the x-axis and read the number.

+ Enzyme Catalase What is graphed on the x-axis? What is graphed on the y-axis? What is the optimum p. H for catalase?

+ Optimum Conditions