Frequency Domain Representation of Sinusoids Continuous Time Consider
- Slides: 29
Frequency Domain Representation of Sinusoids: Continuous Time Consider a sinusoid in continuous time: Frequency Domain Representation: magnitude phase radians
Example Consider a sinusoid in continuous time: Represent it graphically as: magnitude phase radians
Continuous Time and Frequency Domain In continuous time, there is a one to one correspondence between a sinusoid and its frequency domain representation: magnitude phase radians One-to-One correspondence (no ambiguity!!)
Example Let magnitude phase msec Given this sinusoid, its frequency, amplitude and phase are unique radians
Example Consider a sinusoid in discrete time: Represent it graphically as: magnitude phase radians
Frequency Domain Representation of Sinusoids: Discrete Time Same for a sinusoid in discrete time: Frequency Domain Representation: magnitude phase
Discrete Time and Frequency Domain In discrete time there is ambiguity. All these sinusoids have the samples: with k integer
Example All these sinusoids have the samples: … and many more!!!
Ambiguity in the Digital Frequency The given sinusoid can come from any of these frequencies, and many more!
In Summary A sinusoid with frequency is indistinguishable from sinusoids with frequencies These frequencies are called aliases.
Where are the Aliases? Notice that, if the digital frequency is in the interval all its aliases are outside this interval … … …all aliases here…
Discrete Time and Frequency Domains If we restrict the digital frequencies within the interval there is a one to one correspondence between sampled sinusoids and frequency domain representation (no aliases) magnitude phase
Continuous Time to Discrete Time Now see what happens when you sample a sinusoid: how do we relate analog and digital frequencies?
Which Frequencies give Aliasing? … … Aliases: … k integer
Example Given: a sinusoid with frequency sampling frequency the aliases (ie sinusoids with the samples as the one given) have frequencies
Example
Aliased Frequencies aliases
Sampling Theorem for Sinusoids If you sample a sinusoid with frequency such that , there is no loss of information (ie you reconstruct the same sinusoid) magnitude DAC Digital to Analog Converter
Extension to General Signals: the Fourier Series Any periodic signals with period can be expanded in a sum of complex exponentials (the Fourier Series) of the form with the fundamental frequency The Fourier Coefficients
Example A sinusoid with period We saw that we can write it in terms of complex exponentials as Which is a Fourier Series with
Computation of Fourier Coefficients For general signals we need a way of determining an expression for the Fourier Coefficients. From the Fourier Series multiply both sides by a complex exponential and integrate
Fourier Series and Fourier Coefficients Fourier Series: Fourier Coefficients:
Example of Fourier Series… Period Fourier Coefficients: Fundamental Frequency:
… Plot the Coefficients Fourier Coefficients:
Parseval’s theorem The Fourier Series coefficients are related to the average power as
Sampling Theorem If a signal is a sum of sinusoids and B is the maximum frequency (the Bandwidth) you can sample it at a sampling frequency without loss of information (ie you get the same signal back) magnitude DAC Digital to Analog Converter
Example it has two frequencies The bandwidth is The sampling frequency has to be so that we can sample it without loss of information
Example The bandwidth of a Hi Fidelity audio signal is approximately since we cannot hear above this frequency. The music on the Compact Disk is sampled at i. e. 44, 100 samples for every second of music
Example For an audio signal of telephone quality we need only the frequencies up to 4 k. Hz. The sampling frequency on digital phones is
- Fourier series of trapezoidal waveform
- Z domain to frequency domain
- Properties of roc in dsp
- Z transform of ramp function
- Time frequency domain
- Time frequency domain
- Parseval's theorem in signals and systems
- Ali sepahdari
- Glucuronation
- 4-4 graphing sine and cosine functions worksheet answers
- Tell whether or not is a sinusoid.
- Slot 4
- Sinusoids
- Sinusoids
- Cantlie line
- Present continuous past continuous
- Past simple future
- Conditional frequency
- How to calculate relative frequency
- Peak factor formula
- How is linear frequency related to angular frequency?
- Frequency vs relative frequency
- Joint frequency vs marginal frequency
- What is a joint frequency in math
- Laplace frequency domain
- Fourier transform equation
- Circular convolution theorem
- Band pass filter in image processing
- Frequency domain image
- Nnnnnf