French Revolution Napoleon Queen Marie Antoinette King Louis

French Revolution & Napoleon

Queen Marie Antoinette, King Louis XVI

The Eve of Revolution • 1789 • French Old Order/Three Estates 1. Clergy 2. Nobility 3. Everyone else

Enlightenment Ideas • Questioning inequalities of Old Regime • Third Estate calls for change

France’s Problems • 1. Financial troubles – Deficit spending – National debt from war/extravagances • 2. Economic Reforms – Need for taxing 1 st and 2 nd • 3. Refusal to call Estates-General

Fixing the Problems…maybe • Louis XVI calls Estates-General to meet – Preparing cahiers • May-June 1789 – 3 rd declares themselves as National Assembly – Tennis Court Oath

TENNIS COURT OATH

Storming the Bastille • July 14, 1789 • 800 Parisians gather around Bastille • Bastille Day – French Independence Day

S 2: The French Revolution Unfolds • “Great Fear” • Marquis de Lafayette – U. S. – Natl Guard

National Assembly • Ends their own privileges – “Feudalism is abolished!” • Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen – Similar to the ____ – UH…. women? • Liberte, Equalite, Fraternite!

Women in Versailles • BREAD! • Marie Antoinette…GRR!!!! • Versailles Tuileries

National Assembly • Lots of debt take over Church lands! • Church under state control conflict • Constitution of 1791 limited monarchy instead of absolute, reformed laws, collect taxes, separation of Church and state, equality for male citz.

RUN!!! • Louis and Marie attempt to…escape.

Radicals Take Over • Emigres nobles, clergy who fled – Thus, European rulers are NOT supportive – Enlightenment ideas? • National Assembly becomes Legislative Assembly – Jacobins (middle class) • Sans-culottes- radicals who wanted a republic

Radicals Take Over • Jacobins want REVOLUTION! • Declare war on Prussia, Austria, Britain, etc.

S 3: Radical Days of the Revolution • 1793 Radical Phase • French troops decimated by Prussian forces, some royalists become emigres • Radicals take control of the L. A. – Becomes National Convention • Extends suffrage

Radical France • Votes to abolish the monarchy • Establish French Republic • Louis XVI tried by the Convention and put to death – Vote! Every vote counts… – January 1793 – October 1793

The French Republic • Committee of Public Safety – Massive tax on ALL for war – Trials and executions – Crushing peasant revolts

The Reign of Terror • Maximilien Robespierre “The Incorruptible” – Favored by Jacobins, sans-culouttes – “Liberty cannot be secured unless criminals lose their heads” – Architect of the Reign of Terror • 1793 -1794 • Guillotine

Stage 3 Revolution • 3 rd Constitution by the moderates • Moderates hold power from 17951799 • Sets up the Directory • Problems:

Napoleon Bonaparte • Politicians planned to use him…he outwits them all! • Nationalism

S 4: The Age of Napoleon • 1799 -1815 • Favors radicals and a republic • Victorious general (hid losses) politics • Ends Directory, begins Consulate – First Consul • 1804 - Emperor of the French! – Democratic despotism

Napoleon’s Reforms • • Controls prices, public works projects Concordat of 1801 Emigres need to oath of loyalty Napoleonic Code – Women lost rights – Male dominated family – Religious tolerance – Ends serfdom – Careers based on talent, merit

Napoleon’s Empire – 1812 farthest extent • Map of Europe is redrawn! • Abolished Holy Roman Empire • Britain evades Napoleon through sea power – Battle of Trafalgar – Continental System

Napoleon’s Downfall • Nationalism beats Napoleon RUSSIA 1812 • Tsar Alexander I – Scorched earth policy • Napoleon’s Grand Army – 1000 mile retreat

Napoleon’s Defeat • Due to defeat, new alliance: – Prussia, Russia, Austria, Britain – Defeats Napoleon in 1813 • Napoleon will abdicate – Sent to Elba – Louis XVIII is now King – 1815…he’s baaaaaaack….

Napoleon’s Defeat II • Battle of Waterloo (Belgium)– Britain’s Duke of Wellington – Abdicates again to St. Helena • • Napoleon dies in 1821 HRE becomes Germany Rise of nationalism Sold LA Territory

End of the War • Congress of Vienna- meeting to decide the end… – Main goal is a lasting peace – Protect monarchies – Surrounds France with strong countries – Establish the principle of legitimacy • Quadruple Alliance – PRAB

End of the War • Concert of Europe – Powers meet periodically to discuss problems facing Europe – No European wars for 100 years! War ended in 1814…in one hundred years….

Images Used • • • French Revolution Charts: http: //westerncivguides. umwblogs. org/files/2011/11/causes_french_revolution 3. gif Guillotine: http: //content. answcdn. com/main/content/img/getty/7/9/2695379. jpg Marie Antoinette: http: //www. history. com/images/media/slideshow/frenchrevolution/marie-antoinette. jpg King Louis xvi: http: //upload. wikimedia. org/wikipedia/commons/2/2 e/Ludvig_XVI_av_Frankrike_portr %C 3%A 4 tterad_av_AF_Callet. jpg Pyramid: http: //relay-ofrevolutions. wikispaces. com/file/view/3_Estates_Pyramid_annielo 822. png/158885463/ 480 x 385/3_Estates_Pyramid_annielo 822. png Tennis Court Oath: http: //myweb. rollins. edu/jsiry/David_Jeu_de_Paume. jpg Stormig of Bastille: http: //media. web. britannica. com/eb-media/98/90498 -004 CEB 880 DC. jpg Marquis Lafayette: http: //upload. wikimedia. org/wikipedia/commons/3/3 f/Gilbert_du_Motier_Marquis_d e_Lafayette. PNG Louis XVI coins: http: //img. ma-shops. com/almanumis/pic/combined 697. jpg Napoleon: http: //www. findingdulcinea. com/docroot/dulcinea/fd_images/features/profiles/b/nap oleon-bonaparte/features/0/image. jpg Google Maps: www. google. com/maps