French Revolution 1789 1815 Preview to the French

French Revolution 1789 -1815

Preview to the French Revolution

Inspired by…… *American Revolution(1776 -1783): Why? What was their purpose of fighting? (See last Chapter 10: Sec. 4 Handout

Short Clip on the American Revolution ¨ http: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=Wjfrexe 61 XI ¨ Take notes on how the Revolution came about

Difference between the Revolutions ¨French Revolution more complex: Violent, radical, and established a new political and social order ¨Longer and more complicated

Why did the people of France revolt? ¨ Read background to the revolution ¨ Create a list of the reasons ¨ Be ready to explain why the reasons you choose were significant to revolt

Background to the Revolution

French People rebelled because…… A. Inequality within their society • Three Estates 1. Clergy: A. 130, 000 in population B. Owned 10% of the land C. Exempt from taxes D. Class split: Higher clergy sided with nobility poor parish priests sided with commoners.

2. Nobility ¨ 350, 000 in population ¨Owned 25 -30% of the land ¨Held many of leading positions in the government, military, law courts, and high church ¨Exempt from taxes ¨Held privileges ¨Expand power at the expense of the king

3. Commoners ¨ 75 -80% of the population ¨ Divided within by education, occupation, and wealth ¨ Owned 35 -40% of the land, but most had none ¨ Most were still tied to land by “Feudalism” ¨ Some were artisans(skilled labor)

Con’t Commoners ¨ Bourgeoisie: middle class – 8% of the population – Owned 20 -25% of the land – Included: Merchants, lawyers, bankers, doctors, held public offices, writers – Double edge sword: Some lived like nobility, while others were peasants. – Both wanted to Rebel!

B. Financial Crisis ¨ Bad Harvests ¨ Food shortages ¨ Inflation (prices rise): WHY? ¨ Unemployment ¨ 1/3 of the population is poor ¨ Money goes to War, King Louis XVI luxuries, etc.

Snap shot of the French Revolution ¨ http: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=IF 4 l. PW U_qx. Y&feature=related

Last Straw ¨ King Louis XVI needed to raise taxes ¨ Calls for the Estates to meet at Versailles ¨ First and Second ¨ Third estate is not happy. Knows first and second estate will join together. ¨ They separate and make the National Assembly Estate decide to form a Constitutional ¨ Create a new Monarchy and each constitution and the get one vote Tennis Court Oath

Smart Start: ¨What situations or events are allowing the revolution to be taking place?

Now, Would the King be Happy? ¨ King sent out reinforcement to get the rebellious Third Estate ¨ But the peasants beat him to the punch: – Stormed the Bastille(pg. 328) (Loaded with weapons and was a prison) – Took it down brick by brick – Started the Great Fear

Down with the King and on with Man! ¨National Assembly adopted: –Declaration of the Rights of Man (page 332 and 336) • What did this copy? • Who did it refer to?

Women take charge and DEMAND!!!!! ¨Women storm the Palace of Versailles and demand the King and Queen to feed their children ¨Up to this point, the King and Queen ignored all that was going on ¨The women forced the royal family back to Paris and from this point on they became prisoners of the revolution

Church attacked as well ¨ National Assembly in need of money ¨ Seizes all lands of the Church and sells ¨ Forced to create a new constitution that stated: – Officials of the church are to be elected by the people – They were then to be paid by the state which made the Government in control of religion

New Constitution, Fear, War lead closer to the end of King ¨ N. A. developed ¨ By 1791, old order gone, Constitution of 1791: but some were still not happy and felt left ¨ Limited monarchy (King behind would be a figure and new government would ¨ King Louis made things make the laws) hard and tried to flee ¨ Officials would be elected Paris. (those only who paid ¨ Other countries feared specific amount in taxes revolution in their and over 25) countries, so they attacked France

War declared on France: 1792 “ Everywhere you hear the cry that the king is betraying us, the generals are betraying us, that nobody can be trusted…that Paris will be taken in six weeks by the Austrians…we are on a volcano ready to spout flames” – Observer of the revolution

More Change of Power: ¨People unhappy about the war ¨People were starving, defeated, and miserable ¨Created the Paris Commune – Took the King Captive – Called themselves “ordinary patriots without fine clothes. – Wanted the right to vote – Most were the elite of their neighborhoods

Power in demand…so is blood! ¨ People call for the head of King Louis 16 th ¨ Want to end the old regime ¨ Jean Paul Marat: Newspaper editor “Friend of the people” enflames peoples hatred for the elite, clergy, and king. ¨ He himself is murdered (Charlotte Corday) in 1793

Head of the king does not solve the problems ¨ Factions develop: These are dissenting groups of previous revolutionary groups who take matters into own hands ¨ Could not decide whether or not to kill the king – A. Mountain (represented radicals in Paris) – B. Girondins (represented provinces outside of Paris)

Read aloud the fate of King Louis XVI (pg. 338)

More problems arise ¨ Favoritism ¨ Refusal of the new rule and power ¨ European monarchs(Prussia, Austria, Spain, Portugal, Britain, and Netherlands) outraged at the King’s death ¨ Committee of Public Safety developed in response to invasion

The Call for EVERYONES head! ¨ Reign of Terror (1793 -1794) ¨ Maxmilien Robsepierre gains power (page 338) ¨ Wipe out those who opposed the new regime ¨ Close to 40, 000 were put to the guillotine ¨ Could be anyone (Read page 340: Crushing Rebellion) ¨ Revolution gets out of control

Republic of Virtue? ¨ Read with a partner “The Republic of Virtue” pg. 320 ¨ What changes were being made? ¨ Were they positive or negative? ¨ What do you think will happen next?

What about the Young People in France during this time? ¨ Read out loud with partner Young People page 340 -341

Nation in Arms and the Directory ¨ French government raised a huge army to defend itself ¨ Napoleon in charge and successful ¨ Creates a sense of Nationalism (Pride in ones country)

Down with Robspierre ¨Robspierre beheaded ¨Directory is formed…. . But what is it? ¨Read the last red heading on page 342 to find out. Take own notes.

Video: Liberte, Egalite, Fraternite ¨ http: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=w. Xs. Zbk t 0 yqo

NAPOLEON RISES TO POWER! ¨ Complete the sequence chart on page 351 for tomorrow ¨ You can also be working on your stories and final exam study guide!