French Colonization u u u u Initial Colonization

French Colonization u u u u Initial Colonization Efforts Establishing the Fur Trade Recruiting Competition – The Dutch Growth of French Colonies Expanding Along the Mississippi Missionaries

Failed Ventures u 1534 - Jacques Cartier – Northwest passage – 1535 -Tried to establish colonies along the St. Lawrence u 1564 - French attempted a colony near Jacksonville, Fla u Learned from mistakes

First Economic Colony Avoid the Spanish u 1608 - Samuel de Champlain established Quebec u – First inland Fur trading post – Private venture - New France Trading Company

Establishing the Fur Trade Furs in demand u St. Lawrence – transportation u Native Americans u – Established amicable relationships (Algonquians). – Guns/tools for furs – Disease an issue

French–Native American Relations u Three reasons for positive relations 1. Interdependency 2. French weren’t a threat 3. Native allies of the French remained autonomous

Recruiting Colonists u No need u New World not popular – Fur trade didn’t require many people to operate u Cold u Wilderness u Unfamiliar

Purpose of Colony u This was a business colony – Make money and go home – young men u French often married native women u The population of French in Canada was small. (In 1650 – 700 men)

Competition - The Dutch u u 1609 – Henry Hudson - found Hudson River 1614 - Dutch established Ft Nassau (Albany) as a trading post. – Fails by 1617 – Establish Ft. Orange in same location in 1624 as a permanent settlement/trading post

Peter Minuit u Director of the Dutch colonies in the New World – Established trading relationships – Peace with Pilgrims – Purchased Manhattan in 1626

Relationship with Natives Amicable u Guns for Furs u Traded with Iroquois, not Algonquians u u Eventually furs will not be in demand in Europe, so Natives will trade land for guns, tools, wampum, alcohol

End of the Dutch u Dutch neglected North America – Distracted by eastern colonization – Lack of immigrants u 1664 - British seized New Amsterdam (New York) u 1667, Dutch forfeit all possessions in N. America to England

French Growth in Americas u 1663 - New France Co. sold the colony to the Crown u Crown feared British growth

Growth of New France u Land grants u Indentured servants/orphans u New France: – 1650 - 700 – 1663 - 3, 000 – 1700 - 15, 000 u English colonies in 1700 – 234, 000

Missionaries 1620 s - Jesuit missionaries - Great Lakes region u Indians initially indifferent, but warmed to Jesuits, why? u – Jesuits not greedy – Jesuits learned native culture before converting u Had some success – Felt they had to accept Jesuits to maintain French trade (they were correct)

Pere Jacques Marquette u 1666 –sent to New France u Built relationships with tribes in Northern WI, MI and Ontario – Huron and Ottawa u 1673 –Marquette and Louis Joliet explore Mississippi River – First French to find the Mississippi

Further Expansion u u Expanding along the Mississippi The West Indies - slavery – – – u Martinique St. Lucie Guadeloupe Robert La. Salle, 1682 – – Explored the Great Lakes, the Mississippi River First European to travel the length of the river Established small colonies/trading posts along this arc Claimed territory along the Mississippi for France