French and Indian War Rivalry Between Britain and

French and Indian War

Rivalry Between Britain and France Leads to War • European powers competed for trade and colonies around the globe. • France and England both claimed land in North America. • English settlers pushing westward clashed with French fur traders in the Ohio Valley.

• Native Americans were caught up in the conflict. Algonquians and Huronssided with the French. Iroquois. English. • In 1754, France and Great Britain began to fight in the Ohio River Valley. English settlers called the fight against France and their Indian allies the French and Indian War.

Indians are sandwiched in • English moving west… they hoped to take some of the French fur trade. • Indians did not want to give up lands to either

• An American Indian protested to an English trader saying: “You and the French are like the two edges of a pair of shears. And we are the cloth which is to be cut to pieces between them. ”

In a war, who should the Indians side with. . the French or the British? Why? Hint: British were farmers…French were trappers

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Indians French British Algonquins and Hurons Iroquois

How did British get Iroquois? • William Johnson, an English official had an Indian wife, Molly Brant.

Molly Brant • Sister of Mohawk Chief known to English as Joseph Brant • English also charged lower prices for trade goods.

War Begins 1754 AGAIN…Who fought the French and Indian war?

• Ohio River Valley was the Battleground Guess who leads the opening shots of the war for the British? …………. . no other than……….

Let me introduce for the very first time… The father of our country…. . George Washington

George Washington • 22 years old • Was a land surveyor. . what does that mean?

• He went to build a fort where the Monongahela and Allegheny River meet to form the Ohio River

Fort Duquesne • The French get there first!

FORT NECESSITY • Washington attacks and builds makeshift Fort “Necessity. ” • Virginians surrender after being surrounded.

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How Britain Almost Lost the War Chapter 5, Section 1 Event What Happened Results Albany Plan of Union To get the colonists to work together to defeat the French, Franklin proposed this plan for “one general government” for the 13 colonies. The colonial assemblies turned the plan down. Fort Necessity Washington launched a surprise attack against the French and Indian forces outnumbered Washington’s forces. Washington surrendered. Fort Duquesne General Braddock led British and colonial troops toward Fort Duquesne. The French launched a surprise attack and defeated Braddock’s troops. Fort Oswego, Fort William Henry The French succeeded in capturing these forts. Britain’s Indian allies began to doubt the British.

ALBANY CONGRESS • Delegates from 7 colonies meet in Albany, New York. • Main reason was to cement alliance with Iroquois. • Also to plan a united defense.

Benjamin Franklin has a plan: Albany Plan of Union • Called for a grand council made up of representatives from each colony.

• Delegates voted to accept the Plan of Union. • Not one of the colonial assemblies approved Why do you think?

A string of British Defeats • 1755, General Edward “Bulldog” Braddock led an attack against Fort Duquesne. • Their problem…. . they had little experience fighting in the woods. • They moved slowly and noisily through the forest.

General Edward “Bulldog”Braddock • He was warned by Washington and Indians but carried on. • They wore bright red jackets. What do you think happened?

• They were ambushed. • Braddock was killed along with half his men. • Things go bad for next two years.

1757, William Pitt takes over • He becomes new head of British Government • He wanted to win war so that Britain can move on to focus on other parts of the world. • He sent his best Generals to North America.

The tide turns. . • In 1758, General Jeffery Amhearst captured Louisbourg, the most important British fort in Canada. • They also capture Fort Duquesne. • They rename it Fort Pitt (What city is there today? )

BATTLE FOR QUEBEC • Quebec was vital to the protection of new France. • The city sits on what is known as the Plains of Abraham. This was a steep cliff high above the St. Lawrence River.

General James Wolfe vs Marquis De Montcalm

How Great Britain Won the War Chapter 5, Section 1 Who or What Happened Results William Pitt became the new head of the British government. Pitt’s first goal was to win the war in North America. Pitt sent his best generals, money, and supplies to North America. Louisbourg Major General Amherst captured the fort in 1758. With the capture of the most important French fort in Canada, the tide of battle turned. Fort Duquesne The British seized it in 1758. Fort Duquesne became Fort Pitt. Fort Niagra, Crown Point, Fort Ticonderoga The British seized them in 1759. Added to British success. Quebec, important city overlooking the St. Lawrence River In the dark, British troops led by General Wolfe quietly climbed the cliff and surprised the French. The British and French troops fought on the Plains of Abraham, outside the city of Quebec. The British won. Quebec surrendered.

How Britain Won

Treaty of Paris • Britain and France signed the Treaty of Paris in 1763. • The treaty marked the end of French power in North America.

Treaty of Paris • Britain gained Canada and all French lands east of the Mississippi River except New Orleans.

Treaty of Paris • France kept two islands in the Gulf of St. Lawrence. • France kept some sugargrowing islands in the West Indies.

Treaty of Paris • Spain gave up Florida to Britain. • Spain received New Orleans and all French land west of the Mississippi. • Spain kept its empire in Central and South America.