Free Semantic Content Using Open Cyc in Semantic

Free Semantic Content: Using Open. Cyc in Semantic Web Applications CYC Michael Witbrock, Marko Grobelnik, Blaž Fortuna, witbrock@cycorp. eu, marko. grobelnik@ijs. si, blaz@cycorp. eu, Cycorp Europe October 27 th 2008

Introduction to Cyc What’s it for? Cycorp. eu

• Knowledge in books • Transfer by visiting libraries, public readings Abundant Texts Scarce People • Knowledge in minds • Transfer by speech, sketches • Knowledge in mass market books, films, newspapers, journals, television, radio • Transfer by replication, broadcast Texts 2. 0 • Knowledge in fluid constructs (wikis, complex evolving DBs/RDF stores, blogs, social network pages) , web services across all media, distributed across many sites. Web 2. 0 • Transfer by collaborative construction, active notification, alerts, SMSs, social notification, mash-ups … Overwhelming Web 1. 0 • Knowledge in Web pages, pdf/ps files, passive DBs, some audio • Transfer by authoring then browsing, searching • Knowledge understood by the web (KBs, probabilistic KBs, semantically enhanced texts, DBs, services) • Transferred by assistive, cooperative software that understands users needs, desires, limitations, and Web 3. 0 assembles/derives the right knowledge services Knowledge Evolves more Quickly than Humans Michael Witbrock © Cycorp 2008

Logistics http: //ws. opencyc. org/webservices/concept/find? str=shipping%20 container

Logistics

Detailed Representations

Valve Surgery

Content adaptation: heart valve repair

Content adaptation: coronary artery

Leaders of organizations that operate in Gaza and have killed Israelis True Question Answering

Knowledge for People

www. cyc. com/doc/in. Cyc

EVENT TEMPORAL-THING PARTIALLY-TANGIBLE-THING Upper Ontology Core Theories ( a, b ) a EVENT b EVENT causes( a, b ) precedes( a, b ) Domain-Specific Theories Very specific information (some indirect, via SKSI) ( m, a ) m MAMMAL a ANTHRAX causes( exposed-to( m, a ), infected-by( m, a ) ) � (ist Ft. Laud. Holy. Cross. ERCase#403921 (caused Cutaneous. Anthrax (Skin. Lesions Ahmed_al-Haznawit))) First Order Predicate Calculus: unambiguous; enable mechanical reasoning Every American has a president. Every American has a mother. y. x. Amer(x) president(x, y) x. y. Amer(x) mother(x, y) Higher Order Logic: contexts, predicates as variables, nested modals, reflection, … Formal Representation for Reasoning Cycorp © 2008

First Order • (isa ASBFinancial. Corp Publicly. Held. Corporation) • (corporate. Officers ASBFinancial. Corp Gerald. RJenkins) With Context • In Mt : Financial. Transaction. Mt • (relation. All. Exists performed. By Repurchase. Program Publicly. Held. Corporation) Rule • In Mt: Financial. Transaction. Mt • (for. All ? X (implies • (isa ? X Repurchase. Program) • (there. Exists ? Y (and (isa ? Y Publically. Held. Corporation) (performed. By ? X ? Y))))) Second Order • (implies (and (isa ? SET Set-Mathematical) (cardinality ? SET 1) (element. Of ? THING ? SET)) (equals ? SET (The. Set ? THING))) Modal • (beliefs Israel (relation. Instance. Exists possesses Syria Cluster. Bomb)) Meta • (opaque. Argument beliefs 2) Syntactic Power

� Does part of the inner object stick out of the container? ◦ None of it. #$in-Cont. Completely ◦ Yes #$in-Cont. Partially ◦ If the container were turned around could the contained object fall out? Yes #$in. Cont. Open ◦ No • #$in-Cont. Closed For Inference: Senses of ‘In’ Cycorp © 2008

Is it attached to the inside of the outer object? – Yes -- Try #$connected. To. Inside Can it be removed by pulling, if enough force is used, without damaging either object? – No -- Try #$in-Snugly or #$screwed. In Does the inner object stick into the outer object? –Yes – Try #$sticks. Into Senses of ‘In’ Cycorp © 2007

The Syntax of Cyc. L Terms, Predicates, Functions, Connectives, Constraints, Sentences, Rule Macros and Knowledge and all that Cycorp. eu

Cyc. L Constants �… ◦ denote specific individuals or collections relations, people, computer programs, types of cars… � Examples ◦ Collections: �#$Dog, ◦ of constants: #$Snow. Skiing, #$Red. Color Individuals: �#$Bill. Clinton, ◦ #$Rover, #$United. States. Of. America Relations �#$likes. As. Friend, #$borders. On, #$object. Has. Color, #$and, #$not, #$implies, #$for. All

Truth Functions �… are relations that can be used to form sentences. � … begin with a lower-case letter. � Types of Truth Functions: ◦ Predicates: #$likes. As. Friend, #$borders. On, #$object. Has. Color, #$isa ◦ Logical Connectives: �#$and, #$or, #$not, #$implies ◦ Quantifiers: �#$for. All, #$there. Exists

Cyc. L Sentences � Cyc. L Formula: ◦ a relation applied to some arguments, enclosed in parentheses � Examples: ◦ (#$isa #$George. WBush #$Person) ◦ (#$likes. As. Friend #$George. WBush #$Al. Gore) ◦ (#$Birth. Fn #$George. WBush) � Cyc. L Sentence is a well-formed Cyc. L Formula with a Truth Function in the arg 0 position � Cyc. L Sentences … have truth values. … are used to form assertions and queries.

Non-atomic Terms � Function-Denotation to denote something can be applied to some arguments ◦ Usually ends in “Fn” � Cyc. L Non-atomic Term is a … well-formed Cyc. L Formula … with a Function-Denotational in the arg 0 position. � Examples of functional denotations: ◦ #$Birth. Fn, #$Government. Fn, #$Border. Between. Fn � Examples of Cyc. L Non-atomic Terms: ◦ (#$Birth. Fn #$Jacqueline. Kennedy. Onassis) ◦ (#$Government. Fn #$France) ◦ (#$Border. Between. Fn #$France #$Switzerland) � Cyc. L Non-atomic Terms can be used like any other, as ◦ (#$residence. Of. Organization (#$Government. Fn #$France) #$City. Of. Paris. France) in:

Important Relations - #$genls � Relates a given collection to those collections that subsume it ◦ (#$genls SUBCOL SUPERCOL) means that SUPERCOL is a super-collection of SUBCOL ◦ anything that is an instance of SUBCOL is also an instance of SUPERCOL � Examples: ◦ ◦ (#$genls #$Dog #$Mammal) (#$genls #$United. States. President #$Head. Of. Government) (#$genls #$Famous. Human #$Homo. Sapiens) (#$genls #$United. States. President (#$Citizen. Fn #$United. States. Of. America))

Important Relations - #$isa � Relates things of any kind to collections of which they are instances. ◦ (#$isa THING COL) means that THING is an instance of the collection COL. � transfers through #$genls relation ◦ (#$isa THING COL) and (#$genls COL SUPERCOL) jointly imply (#$isa THING SUPERCOL) � Examples: ◦ (#$isa #$Bill. Clinton #$Male. Human) ◦ (#$isa #$Bill. Clinton #$Left. Handed. Human) ◦ (#$isa #$Bill. Clinton #$Famous. Human) ◦ (#$isa #$Bill. Clinton (#$Past. Or. Present. President. Fn #$Unites. States. Of. America))

Important Relations - #$pretty. String � (#$pretty. String TERM STRING) means that the STRING names the thing denoted by TERM � Normally, STRING corresponds to a proper name � Examples: ◦ (#$pretty. String #$Bill. Clinton "William Clinton") #$Bill. Clinton "President Bill Clinton") #$Dog "dogs") #$Dog "hound")

Well-formedness - #$arity � Predicate for representing arity constraints � Examples: ◦ (#$arity #$performed. By 2) �Represents the fact that #$performed. By takes two arguments e. g. (#$performed. By #$Assassination. Of. President. Lincoln #$John. Wilkes. Booth) ◦ (#$arity #$Joke. About. Fn 1) �Represents the fact that #$Joke. About. Fn takes one argument e. g. (#$Joke. About. Fn #$Bill. Clinton) ◦ (#$arity #$between 3) �Represents the fact that #$between takes three arguments e. g. (#$between #$Planet. Mars #$Planet. Jupiter #$Asteroid. Belt)

Arity of #$arity What’s the arity of #$arity? (#$arity 2)

Well-Formedness Argument Type Constraints �#$arg. Isa ◦ Tells individual of which collection is the argument ◦ (#$arg. Isa #$performed. By 1 #$Action) �the first argument of #$performed. By must be an individual #$Action �#$arg. Genl ◦ Tells which collection subsumes the argument ◦ (#$arg. Genl #$skill. Capable. Of 2 #$Skilled. Activity) �the second argument of #$skill. Capable. Of must be a type of #$Skilled. Activity

Complex Formulas �Cyc. L includes logical ◦ connect formulas ◦ quantify into them terms to allow us to Logical Terms Logical Connectives Quantifiers

Logical Connectives #$And, #$Or, #$Not, #$Implies � Are Truth Functions ◦ the truth value of the whole sentence is determined by truth value(s) of constituent sentences � Take sentences as their arguments

Examples with Logical Connectives � Examples: ◦ (#$and (#$performed. By #$Gettysburg. Address #$Lincoln) (#$object. Has. Color #$Rover #$Tan. Color)) ◦ (#$or (#$object. Has. Color #$Rover #$Tan. Color) (#$object. Has. Color #$Rover #$Black. Color)) ◦ (#$not (#$performed. By #$Gettysburg. Address #$Bill. Clinton)) ◦ (#$implies (#main. Color. Of. Object #$Rover #$Tan. Color) (#$not (#$main. Color. Of. Object #$Rover #$Red. Color)))

Quantification �Universal quantification ◦ E. g. All dogs have ears. �Existential quantification ◦ E. g. Everybody is loved by someone.

Universal Quantification �Corresponds to English expressions ◦ Every, All, Always, Everyone, Anything like: �Examples: ◦ All dogs have ears. � x (Dog(x) Has. Ears(x)) ◦ Every person in this room is alive. � x ((Person(x) & In. This. Room (x)) Alive (x)) ◦ Anything which is in my house is mine. � x (Located. In(x, Blazs. House) Belongs. To(x, Blaz))

Rules using Universal Quantification �English: ◦ All dogs have ears. �Cyc. L: ◦ (#$for. All ? DOG (#$implies (#$isa ? DOG #$Dog) (#$anatomical. Body. Parts ? DOG #$Ear)))

Rules using Universal Quantification �English: ◦ Every person in this room is alive. �Cyc. L: ◦ (#$for. All ? PERSON (#$implies (#$and (#$isa ? PERSON #$Person) (#$object. Found. In. Location ? PERSON $Room)) (#$isa ? PERSON #$Alive)))

Unbound Variables in Rules �Unbound variables are treated as implicitly universally quantified �Example: ◦ (#$for. All ? DOG (#$implies (#$isa ? DOG #$Dog) (#$anatomical. Body. Parts ? DOG #$Ear))) �can be written as ◦ (#$implies (#$isa ? DOG #$Dog) (#$anatomical. Body. Parts ? DOG #$Ear))

Existential Quantification �Corresponds to English expressions like: ◦ There is (a/an)…, Someone, Something, Somewhere �Examples: ◦ Someone is sitting in Bill’s chair. � x (Person(x) & Sitting. In(x, Bills. Chair)) ◦ Bill left his keys somewhere. � x (Place(x) & Left. Object. At (Bill, Bills. Keys, x)) ◦ Everybody is loved by someone. � x (Person(x) y (Person(y) & Loves (y, x)))

Example of Existential Quantification �English: ◦ Someone is sitting in Bill’s chair. �Cyc. L: ◦ (#$there. Exists ? PERSON (#$and (#$isa ? PERSON #$Person) (#$posture. Of. Object ? PERSON #$Sitting. Posture) (#$object. Found. In. Location ? PERSON #$Bills. Chair))))

Rule using Existential Quantification �English: ◦ Everybody is loved by someone. �Cyc. L: ◦ (#$for. All ? PERSON (#$implies (#$isa ? PERSON #$Person) (#$there. Exists ? LOVER (#$and (#$isa ? LOVER #$Person) (#$loves ? LOVER ? PERSON))))

Other Quantification � (#$there. Exist. Exactly 12 ? ZOS (#$isa ? ZOS #$Zodiac. Sign)) � (#$there. Exist. At. Least 8 ? PLNT (#$isa ? PLNT #$Planet))

Overview of Open. Cyc Content What’s there, and what’s elsewhere Cycorp. eu

Cyc contains: 15, 000 Predicates 300, 000 Concepts 3, 200, 000 Assertions Represented in: • First Order Logic • Higher Order Logic • Modal Logic • Context Logic Micro -theories Thing Intangible Individual Thing Sets Relations Space Physical Objects Living Things Ecology Natural Geography Political Geography Weather Earth & Solar System Human Beings Human Artifacts Human Anatomy & Physiology Partially Tangible Thing Time Events Scripts Artifacts Plans Goals Physical Agents Animals Mechanical Software Social Language Relations, & Electrical Literature Devices Works of Art Culture Organizational Actions Organizational Plans Agent Organizations Social Behavior Agents Actors Actions Movement State Change Dynamics Plants Temporal Thing Logic Math Borders Geometry Emotion Human Products Conceptual Perception Behavior & Devices Works Belief Actions Vehicles Buildings Weapons Paths Spatial Paths Materials Parts Statics Life Forms Spatial Thing Social Activities Human Activities Business & Commerce Purchasing Shopping Types of Organizations Politics Warfare Sports Recreation Entertainment Transportation & Logistics Human Organizations Nations Governments Geo-Politics Professions Occupations Travel Communication Law Everyday Living Business, Military Organizations General Knowledge about Various Domains The Cyc Knowledge Base Specific data, facts, and observations Cycorp © 2006

�Open. Cyc (www. opencyc. org) ◦ The Cyc Ontology made 100% freely available (yes, 100% free even for commercial purposes) ◦ Available for download on Source. Forge and on opencyc. org ◦ Over 30, 000 accesses �Research. Cyc (researchcyc. com) ◦ Open. Cyc + millions of hand-engineered assertions ◦ Free for R&D purposes ◦ Current users: 300 research groups (about 1/2 academic) Open and Research

� isa 596215 � genls 99198 � disjoint. With 6114 � result. Isa 4277 � result. Genl 1206 � arg. Isa 35617 � arg. Genl 5398 � arg 1 Isa 16748 � arg 1 Genl 2354 � arg 2 Isa 14114 � arg 2 Genl 2283 � arg 3 Isa 3486 � arg. Format 5493 � arg 2 Format 3320 � functional. In. Args 1427 � arity 16416 � arity. Min 958 � comment 57305 � genl. Preds 7440 � negation. Inverse 990 � genl. Mt 26078 � denotation. In. English 409745 � synonymous. External. Concept 13916 Open Cyc Predicate Populations

Geospatial Knowledge 44

event. Occurs. At resource conveyer energy source ‘lifetime’ of system provider. Of. Motive. Force resource synthesizer done. By boundary transporter Systems and Processes

Ecosystem Aquatic Life Zone genls Biome genls Desert Ecosystem Tropical Rainforest Ecosystem Chaparral Ecosystem Tundra Ecosystem Classes Taiga Ecosystem Grassland Ecosystem

Ecosystem genls Chaparral Ecosystem climate. Of. Ecosystem. Type terrain. Climate. Type Geographical Region Mediterranean Scrub genls Mediterranean Climate Cycle has. Climate. Type Territory Of Crete, Greece

#$Transportation. Event #$Controlling. ATransportation. Dev ice #$Transport. With. Motorized. Land. V ehicle (#$Steering. Fn #$Road. Vehicle) #$Transporter. Crash. Event #$Vehicle. Accident #$Car. Accident #$Colliding #$Incurring. Damage #$Tipping. Over #$Navigating #$Entering. AVehicle … Some Transportation Event Types

#$performed. By #$causes-Event #$object. Placed #$object. Of. State. Change #$outputs. Created #$inputs. Destroyed #$assisting. Agent #$beneficiary #$from. Location #$to. Location #$device. Used #$driver. Actor #$damages #$vehicle #$provider. Of. Motive Force Over 400 more. #$transportees … Relating Events and Participants

Physical. State. Change. Event Temperature. Changing. Proc ess Biological. Development. Eve nt Shape. Change. Event Movement. Event Changing. Device. State Giving. Something Discovery. Event over 11, 000 Event Types Cracking Carving Buying Thinking Mixing Singing Cutting. Nails Pumping. Fluid more

� governing. Body � physical. Quarters � Whole. Organization. Fn � has. Headquarters. In. Cou � parent. Company ntry � office. In. Country � member. Types � organization. Head � Policy. Fn � sub. Orgs-Command � sub. Orgs-Permanent � sub. Orgs-Temporary � sub. Orgs- Only. During. Operation Organizational Relations

�Types ◦ ◦ ◦ of Emotions: Adulation Abhorrence Relaxed-Feeling Gratitude Anticipation-Feeling ◦ Over 120 of these Emotions �Predicates for Defining and Attributing Emotions: ◦ ◦ ◦ contrary. Feelings appropriate. Emotion action. Expresses. Feeling feels. Towards. Object feels. Towards. Person. Type

Relations between Agents and Propositions �goals �opinions �intends �knows �desires �remembered. Prop �hopes �perceives. That �expects �sees. That �beliefs �tastes. That Propositional Attitudes

�Organisms classified ◦ Taxon ◦ Habitat ◦ Source of Nutrients by: �Organism Anatomy ◦ Gross Anatomy �Medicine ◦ Cell biology ◦ Cardio-thoracic ◦ Physiological surgery Processes ◦ Respiratory system ◦… Biology

�Common Substances �Attributes �States �Electrical Conductivity of Materials �Thermal Conductivity Of Matter ◦ Solid. State. Of. Matter �Structural �Tangible Attributes ◦ Liquid. State. Of. Matter ◦ Solid. Tangible. Thing ◦ Gaseous. State. Of. Matter ◦ Liquid. Tangible. Thing �Solutions Materials ◦ Gaseous. Tangible. Thing

� Over 4000 Specializations of Physical. Device ◦ Clothes. Washer ◦ Nuclear. Aircraft. Carrier � Vocabulary for Describing device functions ◦ primary. Function. Device. Type Devices Device Specific Predicates • gun. Caliber • maximum. Speed. Of Device States (40+) Device. On Cocked. State

Weather Objects Cloud. In. Sky Snow. Mob Weather Events Tornado. As. Event Snow. Process �Weather Attributes ◦ Clear. Weather ◦ (Low. Amount. Fn Raininess) Weather

Entire Cyc KB

Cyc Content in RDFS and OWL The Syntax of Open. Cycorp. eu

Adding a term to Open. Cyc Example 1: adding an individual. Example 2: adding a collection. Cycorp. eu

What’s this Karlsruhe thing?

Existing Cyc content is large, but knowledgeable systems must give proactive, constant, accurate support to all: Needs very broad coverage and high accuracy. Existing Vocab.

OK, it’s there, now what?

Find something similar

Copy one assertion

Karlsruhe created

Relationship with Others The Universe of Stuff: Okkam, Wikipedia, KBPedia, Lar. KC Cycorp. eu

�One central knowledge base covering all the needs is impractical… �…knowledge is distributed: ◦ There are many schemas/ontologies… ◦ There are many instance repositories… ◦ There are several ontology search engines… �Therefore, there is a need to connect knowledge data distributed over the Web � …there are several initiatives for connecting structured knowledge spread around the Web …Cyc cannot live by itself

�W 3 C Linking Open Data project (http: //esw. w 3. org/topic/Sweo. IG/Task. For ces/Community. Projects/Linking. Open. Data) �OKKAM project (http: //www. okkam. org/) ◦ …aiming at enabling the “Web of Entities” �UMBEL (http: //www. umbel. org/) ◦ Upper Mapping and Binding Exchange Layer Some initiatives to link data…

� The goal of the W 3 C SWEO Linking Open Data project is: ◦ to extend the Web with a data commons ◦ by publishing various open data sets as RDF on the Web ◦ by setting RDF links between data items from different data sources http: //esw. w 3. org/topic/Sweo. IG/Task. Forces/Community. Projects/Linking. Open. Data Linking Open Data project

� UMBEL is a lightweight reference structure for placing Web content and data in context with other data. � It is comprised of about 21, 000 subject concepts and their relationships — with one another and with external vocabularies and named entities. � UMBEL's subject concepts and their relationships are derived from the Open. Cyc version of the Cyc knowledge base. � (Web) Services available from: http: //umbel. zitgist. com/ UMBEL (http: //www. umbel. org/) Upper Mapping and Binding Exchange Layer

� Goal of OKKAM project is to establish network of entity servers with all the related infrastructure � The key result will be the Web of Entities – virtual space where any collection of data and information about any type of entities (e. g. people, locations, organizations, events, products, . . . ) published on the Web can be integrated into a single virtual, decentralized, open knowledge base http: //www. okkam. org/ � …among others, OKKAM will get synchronized entity Ids with Open. Cyc OKKAM FP 7 Integrated Project on enabling the Web of Entities

� Lar. KC- FP 7 Integrated Project on massive distributed incomplete reasoning � The main goal is to build an open platform for Web Scale Reasoning � Resulting platform is based on Cyc transformed into plug-in architecture Organisation Country Universität Innsbruk Austria Astra. Zenica AB, R&D Sweden CEFRIEL S. c. r. l. Italy Cycorpd. o. o. Slovenia Universität Stuttgart, HPCC �jnjn Germany Max Planck Gesellshaft Germany Sirma Group, Ontotext Lab Bulgaria Saltlux Korea Siemens AG Germany University of Sheffield UK Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Netherlands Beijing University of Technology PRC UN WHO France Lar. KC – Large Knowledge Collider

Query Method massive distributed incomplete reasoning Problem Method Problem Method Problem zillions of assertions

Open Source Platform • Distributed platform will be freely distributable and modifiable Based On Cyc Inference • First version of platform based on streamlined Java build of Cyc Inference Engine Plug-in Experiments • Plug-in architecture allows for experiments in access, reasoning, aggregation…

Break And good, strong, German coffee Cycorp. eu

Adding to Open. Cyc Example 3: Predicate; And, finally, adding a Sentence Cycorp. eu

Open. Cyc Web Services Looking up Semantic Terms for English Words Cycorp. eu

◦… �warplanes ◦ bombers (warplanes) �B 24 bomber �B-1 bombers �B-2 stealth bombers �B-29 Superfortress �B-52 bombers �… ◦ fighter planes �A-5 C fighter planes �A 10 fighter plane �F-117 Nighthawks �F-14 fighter plane �F-15 eagles �F-16 falcons �… Precise Conceptual Tagging

�Look up terms in Open. Cyc �Generalise them �Web Service: Find Query: http: //ws. opencyc. org/webservices/concept/find? str=dog&search. Type=c ycl&exact. Match=true&ignore. Case=true&uri. Type=readable Response: <concepts xmlns="http: //ws. opencyc. org/xsd/Cyc. Concepts" has. More="false"> <concept uri="http: //sw. opencyc. org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Dog"/> </concepts> Xpath: /concepts/concept/@uri Value: http: //sw. opencyc. org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Dog Looking up terms

� XML documentation for find can be found at: http: //ws. opencyc. org/wadl/Open. Cyc. WS. wadl � XML Schema for the returned data: � http: //ws. opencyc. org/xsd/Cyc. Concepts. xsd WADL But first: Documentation

The Code: Calling the Service

http: //ws. opencyc. org/webservices/concept/find? str=Frankfurt&is. Exact. Match=true <concepts xmlns="http: //ws. opencyc. org/xsd/Cyc. Concepts" has. More="false"> <concept uri="http: //sw. opencyc. org/concept/Mx 4 rvdn 2 TZwp. Eb. Gdrc. N 5 Y 29 yc. A"/> <concept uri="http: //sw. opencyc. org/concept/Mx 4 rvuus. Epwp. Eb. Gdrc. N 5 Y 29 yc. A"/> <concept uri="http: //sw. opencyc. org/concept/Mx 8 Ngh 4 rv. Ykdfpwp. Eb. Gdrc. N 5 Y 29 yc. B 4 rvdn 2 TZwp. Eb. Gdrc. N 5 Y 29 yc. A"/> <concept uri="http: //sw. opencyc. org/concept/Mx 8 Ngx 4 rv. Whwppwp. Eb. Gdrc. N 5 Y 29 yc. A-JRn. Jhbmtmd. XJ 0 Hiu 9 WO 1 tn. Ck. Rs. Z </concepts> Manual Call to WS

Extracting the Concepts

NGrams: Asia-Europe, summit, begins, in, Beijing, amid, financial, crisis, Chinese, Premier, Wen, Jiabao, opened, the, two-day, Asia-Europe, Meeting, here, on, Friday, with, the, summit, attended, by, leaders, from, 43, nations, from, the, two, regions, Asia-Europe summit, summit begins, begins in, in Beijing, Beijing amid, amid financial, financial crisis, crisis Chinese, Chinese Premier, Premier Wen, Wen Jiabao, Jiabao opened, opened the, the two-day, two-day Asia-Europe, Asia-Europe Meeting, Meeting here, here on, on Friday, Friday with, with the, the summit, summit attended, attended by, by leaders, leaders from, from 43, 43 nations, nations from, from the, the two, two region Concepts: Ethnic. Group. Of. Chinese Dense. As. Lead Definite_NLAttr with_Underspecified. Agent Parka City. Of. Corinth. Greece Summit_County_Utah Crisis Summit_County_Colorado First. Order. Administrative. Division Opening. AFacility from_Underspecified. Location Region Summit. Meeting is. Leader. Of Here Attending. Something Two. Dollar. Bill_US Friday Encountering. Something Ming_Na. Wen Comedian Premiere. Performance Aorta Chinese. Person City. Of. Beijing. China Leader Amsterdam. Island Chinese. Cuisine Gas. Clothes. Dryer. Connection meets. With Les. Saintes. Islands_Guadeloupe Summit_County_Ohio Chinese. Language. Set Serving. Someone_Helping. An. Agent detailed. In. Prop Meeting_Social. Gathering Beijing Starting premier is. Led. By Beijing_Municipality. China Two_The. TVShow Summit Running

The Code: Finding the Concepts

Text: Asia-Europe summit begins in Beijing amid financial crisis. Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao opened the two-day Asia-Europe Meeting here on Friday, with the summit attended by leaders from 43 nations from the two regions. NGrams: Asia-Europe, summit, begins, in, Beijing, amid, financial, crisis, Chinese, Premier, Wen, Jiabao, opened, the, two-day, Asia-Europe, Meeting, here, on, Friday, with, the, summit, attended, by, leaders, from, 43, nations, from, the, two, regions, Asia-Europe summit, summit begins, begins in, in Beijing, Beijing amid, amid financial, financial crisis, crisis Chinese, Chinese Premier, Premier Wen, Wen Jiabao, Jiabao opened, opened the, the two-day, two-day Asia-Europe, Asia-Europe Meeting, Meeting here, here on, on Friday, Friday with, with the, the summit, summit attended, attended by, by leaders, leaders from, from 43, 43 nations, nations from, from the, the two, two region Concepts: Ethnic. Group. Of. Chinese Dense. As. Lead Definite_NLAttr with_Underspecified. Agent Parka City. Of. Corinth. Greece Summit_County_Utah Crisis Summit_County_Colorado First. Order. Administrative. Division Opening. AFacility Region Summit. Meeting is. Leader. Of Here Attending. Something Two. Dollar. Bill_US Friday Encountering. Something Ming_Na. Wen Comedian Premiere. Performance Aorta Chinese. Person City. Of. Beijing. China Leader from_Underspecified. Location Amsterdam. Island Chinese. Cuisine Gas. Clothes. Dryer. Connection meets. With Les. Saintes. Islands_Guadeloupe Summit_County_Ohio Chinese. Language. Set Serving. Someone_Helping. An. Agent detailed. In. Prop Meeting_Social. Gathering Starting premier is. Led. By Beijing_Municipality. China Two_The. TVShow Summit Running Beijing Note: Utterly simple tagging; No disambiguation

Where are we?

Mx 4 rv. Vj. VPZwp. Eb. Gdrc. N 5 Y 29 yc. A City. Of. Beijing. China 北京市 A bit of Paper Work: Getting Cyc. L

static final String uri. Prefix = "http: //sw. opencyc. org/2008/06/10/concept/en/"; Getting Cyc. L for Concept

Why do that? Using Semantic Terms for Data Integration Cycorp. eu

RDF/OWL Stores SP NGA USGS AR Web Service OFAC QL REST P TT H Weather Web Service Support Applications CYC CATS SQ L & Lexicon UI Is it TRUE that CITY has a population greater than 1, 000 and is vulnerable to anthrax by deployment of a biological agent through infected zoonotic hosts?

Find all CABG patients between 1989 and 1998 with an ITA graft that had a prior cardiac catheterization Application: Cyc supports access to medical RDF store

Open. Cyc Web Services 2: Generalisation in the Taxonomy Cycorp. eu

Taxonomy Service: Access

Taxonomy Service: Extraction

Canis. Genus Canine. Animal Domesticated. Animal Mx 4 rv. Vjao. Jwp. Eb. Gdrc. N 5 Y 29 yc. A is ? Testing Taxonomy Client

Cloud: Ethnic. Group. Of. Asians Ethnic. Group. Of. Chinese Physical. Contact. Event Summit_County_Utah Homo. Sapiens Emergency Natural. Thing Social. Gathering Head. Of. State is. Leader. Of Head. Of. Political. Party Continuous. Physical. Contact. Situation Conference Situation-Localized Asian. Citizen. Or. Subject Country. Subsidiary Event Geographical. Place City. Of. Beijing. China Amsterdam. Island Situation Land. Topographical. Feature East. Asian. Cuisine Intelligent. Agent meets. With Chinese. Language. Set Summit_County_Ohio detailed. In. Prop Geopolitical. Entity Beijing Starting Meeting_Social. Gathering Partially. Tangible is. Led. By Beijing_Municipality. China Two_The. TVShow Summit Dense. As. Lead Definite_NLAttr with_Underspecified. Agent Cultural. Thing Parka City. Of. Corinth. Greece Weekday Crisis Summit_County_Colorado First. Order. Administrative. Division Convex. Tangible. Object Opening. AFacility Intrinsic. State. Change. Event Purposeful. Action from_Underspecified. Location Animal. Activity Region Bill-US Edible. Stuff Summit. Meeting Geopolitical. Entity. Or. Region Here Attending. Something Two. Dollar. Bill_US Friday Encountering. Something Place Helping. An. Agent Ming_Na. Wen Comedian Premiere. Performance Aorta Chinese. Person Surface. Region -Underspecified Leader Chinese. Cuisine Gas. Clothes. Dryer. Connection Head. Of. Government Entertainment. Performance Les. Saintes. Islands_Guadeloupe Serving. Someone_Helping. An. Agent premier Manufactured. Goods Human. Activity Person Using the generalization

Putting it together A simple smash-up of Cyc and Yahoo News Cycorp. eu

args[0]==“Europe” Annotated. Document: Text and NGrams The Code: Main

static final String Yahoo. Application. ID = "Q. mzk. KPV 34 GJLhd. WVg. P_ok 8 d 4 O 4 K 050 u. Wx. YQl 7 l. NKc. Sdl. Ec. W_OEl. Lk. Yo. B 6 IAe. K 8 -"; The Code: Yahoo News

Yahoo News: Asia-Europe summit begins in Beijing amid financial crisis. Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao opened the two-day Asia-Europe Meeting here on Friday, with the summit attended by leaders from 43 nations from the two regions. NGrams: Asia-Europe, summit, begins, in, Beijing, amid, financial, crisis, Chinese, Premier, Wen, Jiabao, opened, the, two-day, Asia-Europe, Meeting, here, on, Friday, with, the, summit, attended, by, leaders, from, 43, nations, from, the, two, regions, Asia-Europe summit, summit begins, begins in, in Beijing, Beijing amid, amid financial, financial crisis, crisis Chinese, Chinese Premier, Premier Wen, Wen Jiabao, Jiabao opened, opened the, the two-day, two-day Asia-Europe, Asia-Europe Meeting, Meeting here, here on, on Friday, Friday with, with the, the summit, summit attended, attended by, by leaders, leaders from, from 43, 43 nations, nations from, from the, the two, two region Concepts: Ethnic. Group. Of. Chinese Dense. As. Lead Definite_NLAttr with_Underspecified. Agent Parka City. Of. Corinth. Greece Summit_County_Utah Crisis Summit_County_Colorado First. Order. Administrative. Division Opening. AFacility Region Summit. Meeting is. Leader. Of Here Attending. Something Two. Dollar. Bill_US Friday Encountering. Something Ming_Na. Wen Comedian Premiere. Performance Aorta Chinese. Person City. Of. Beijing. China Leader from_Underspecified. Location Amsterdam. Island Chinese. Cuisine Gas. Clothes. Dryer. Connection meets. With Les. Saintes. Islands_Guadeloupe Summit_County_Ohio Chinese. Language. Set Serving. Someone_Helping. An. Agent detailed. In. Prop Meeting_Social. Gathering Starting premier is. Led. By Beijing_Municipality. China Two_The. TVShow Summit Running Beijing Note: Utterly simple tagging; No disambiguation

Where is this taking us: Cyc Demonstration: in situ knowledge capture Web 3. 0 Cycorp. eu

Web 3. 0 Systems start from Web 2. 0 style learning. Acquire ground facts, test rule inferences. CONTextual RAPid aquisi. TION

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Where is this taking us (Part II) Demonstration: Semantic Search Cycorp. eu

Valve Surgery

Content adaptation: heart valve repair

Content adaptation: coronary artery

Fin CYC

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