Free BSD Computer Center CS NCTU 2 Outline
Free. BSD
Computer Center, CS, NCTU 2 Outline q Free. BSD version • 11. 1 -RELEASE q Installing Free. BSD • From CD-ROM • From USB
Free. BSD Version
Computer Center, CS, NCTU Free. BSD Branches/Tags q Three parallel development branches: • -RELEASE Ø Latest Release Version: – 11. 1 (July, 2017) – http: //www. freebsd. org/releases/ Ø Upcoming 10. 4 (October, 2017) – https: //www. freebsd. org/releases/10. 4 R/schedule. html • -STABLE Ø Tested new features and bug fixes Ø MFC: Merge From Current • -CURRENT Ø Working space for Free. BSD developers Ø Current version: 4 – 12. 0 -CURRENT – http: //www. freebsd. org/releng/
Computer Center, CS, NCTU 5 Free. BSD Version q Free. BSD–A. B. C–Type • • A: major version Number B: minor version Number C: slight patch version number Type: version type Ø PRERELEASE Ø BETA Ø RC Ø RELEASE Ø STABLE Ø CURRENT
Free. BSD Installation
Computer Center, CS, NCTU Free. BSD View of Disk (1) q Guided partitioning layout between UFS and Root on ZFS Slice 1 (/dev/ada 0 p 1) Slice 2 (/dev/ada 0 p 2) Slice 3 (/dev/ada 0 p 3) 7 GPT freebsd-boot Slice 1 (/dev/ada 0 p 1) Slice 2 (/dev/ada 0 p 2) / freebsd-ufs Slice 3 (/dev/ada 0 p 3) freebsd-swap freebsd-boot freebsd-swap zfs 0
Computer Center, CS, NCTU Free. BSD View of Disk (2) MBR Slice 1 (ada 0 s 1) Slice 2 (ada 0 s 2) Slice 3 (ada 0 s 3) Slice 4 (ada 0 s 4) Windows XP (NTFS) Linux (EXT 4 FS) bsdlabel ada 0 s 3 a / (root) ada 0 s 3 b swap ada 0 s 3 c Extended Partiton ada 0 s 3 d ada 0 s 3 e D Drive 8 NTFS Linux Swap /home
Computer Center, CS, NCTU Free. BSD View of Disk (3) q What is the meaning of ada 0 s 1 a • Disk name Ø ada : Ø da: IDE, SATA SCSI, usb stick • Slice is equal to the partition of common use Ø Primary partition: s 1 ~ s 4 Ø Extended partition: s 5 ~ sn • Label in each slice MBR Slice 1 (/dev/ada 0 s 1) Slice 2 (/dev/ada 0 s 2) Slice 3 (/dev/ada 0 s 3) Slice 4 (/dev/ada 0 s 4) Ø a: root partition / Ø b: swap Ø c: entire slice Ø defgh: /usr, /home, … Slice 5 (/dev/ada 0 s 5) 9 Slice 6 (/dev/ada 0 s 6)
Computer Center, CS, NCTU Knowing Your Hardware q CPU • • • 32 bit or 64 bit Intel、AMD Architecture: amd 64, i 386 (, ia 64, pc 98, powerpc, sparc 64) q RAM • Size q HD • Size, amount, SCSI or IDE q VGA • Brand, ram size q Sound • Brand q Network Interface Card • • Brand IP、Netmask、Default gateway、Hostname、DNS q Other Special device • 10 pciconf -lv
Computer Center, CS, NCTU Pre-Installation Tasks q One PC, Laptop • Another Hard Disk or Shrink a Partition on Your Hard Drive (20 GB) q Or Virtual Machine q Network Information • • • IP address Subnet mask Default router IP address domain name of the local network DNS server IP address(es) q Prepare the Installation Media • http: //ftp. tw. freebsd. org/pub/Free. BSD/releases/ 11
Computer Center, CS, NCTU 12 bsdinstall – (1) q An easy to use, text-based installation program • Beginning with Free. BSD 9. 0 -RELEASE
Computer Center, CS, NCTU 13 bsdinstall – (2) q Install、Shell、Live CD
Computer Center, CS, NCTU 14 bsdinstall – (3) q Select keymap
Computer Center, CS, NCTU 15 bsdinstall – (4) q Setting hostname • e. g. , xxxsa. cs. nctu. edu. tw
Computer Center, CS, NCTU 16 bsdinstall – (5) q Selecting components to install
Computer Center, CS, NCTU 17 bsdinstall – (6) q Partitioning methods • Shell – gpart(8)、fdisk(8)、bsdlabel(8)
Computer Center, CS, NCTU 18 bsdinstall – (7) Auto (ZFS) q Guided Root-on-ZFS • Enter a pool name, disable forcing 4 k sectors, enable or disable encryption • Switch between GPT (recommended) and MBR partition table types, and select the amount of swap space
Computer Center, CS, NCTU 19 bsdinstall – (8) Auto (ZFS) q Virtual Device type • • Stripe Mirror RAID 10 RAID-Z 1, 2, 3
Computer Center, CS, NCTU 20 bsdinstall – (9) q Fetching Checksum Verification Extraction
Computer Center, CS, NCTU 21 bsdinstall – (10) q Post-installation • root password • Network interfaces Ø Wired – Static IPv 4 / DHCP / Static IPv 6 / SLAAC Ø Wireless Ø DNS • • Time Zone Services System security hardening options Add users
Computer Center, CS, NCTU 22 Post-installation q Setting the root Password
Computer Center, CS, NCTU 23 Post-installation q Select a network interfaces
Computer Center, CS, NCTU 24 Post-installation q Configuring IPv 4 Networking
Computer Center, CS, NCTU 25 Post-installation q Configuring IPv 6 Networking • IPv 6 Stateless Address Auto configuration (SLAAC)
Computer Center, CS, NCTU 26 Post-installation q Configuring DNS
Computer Center, CS, NCTU 27 Post-installation q Setting the Time Zone • 5 Asia 42 Taiwan
Computer Center, CS, NCTU 28 Post-installation q Selecting services to be enabled at boot • Enable ntpd • Disable dumpdev
Computer Center, CS, NCTU 29 Post-installation q Selecting system security hardening options
Computer Center, CS, NCTU 30 Post-installation q Add Users • • • • Username - wangth Full name - Tse-Han Wang Uid - User ID. Typically left blank for default. Login group - The user's group. Invite user into other groups? - wheel Login class - Typically left blank for default. Shell - The interactive shell for this user. CSCC use tcsh. Home directory - The user's home directory. Home directory permissions - The default is usually correct. Use password-based authentication? - Typically "yes". Use an empty password? - Typically "no". Use a random password? - Typically "no". Enter password - The actual password for this user. Enter password again - The password must be typed again for verification. Lock out the account after creation? - Typically "no".
Computer Center, CS, NCTU 31 Post-installation q Final Configuration
Computer Center, CS, NCTU 32 Free. BSD Handbook q Chapter 2. Installing Free. BSD (Free. BSD 9. 0 Release and Later) • http: //www. tw. freebsd. org/doc/en/books/handbook/bsdinstall. html q Chinese resources • http: //www. tw. freebsd. org/doc/zh_TW/books/handbook/install. html • Chapter 2 Installing Free. BSD 8. X and Earlier
Appendix bsdinstall – Manual (UFS)
Computer Center, CS, NCTU 34 bsdinstall – Manual (UFS) q Guided Partitioning result
Computer Center, CS, NCTU 35 bsdinstall – (7) Manual q Guided Partitioning • Select disk • How to partition the disk Ø Entire Disk Ø Partition – use free space
Computer Center, CS, NCTU 36 bsdinstall – (8) Manual q Manual Partitioning
Computer Center, CS, NCTU 37 bsdinstall – (9) Manual q Choose a partitioning scheme • Master Boot Record (MBR) Ø 4 Primary Partition, 1 Extended Partition, multiple Logical Partition • GUID Partition Table (GPT) Ø 128 Partitions per disk • DON’T use BSD!!!
Computer Center, CS, NCTU 38 bsdinstall – (10) Manual q Add partitions • freebsd-boot Ø Free. BSD boot code. This partition must be first on the disk.
Computer Center, CS, NCTU 39 bsdinstall – (11) Manual q Final confirmation
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