FRCGC Earth System Model radiation cloud distribution Climate

FRCGC Earth System Model: radiation cloud distribution Climate (CCSR/NIES AOGCM) transport Aerosol (SPRI radiation transport production ・heterogeneous reaction ・photolysis SST mineral Sea Salt CO 2 Ocean (an NPZD-type model) Chemistry (CHA DMS deposition NMHCs dust, OC CO 2 Land Surface (MATSIRO, Sim-CYCLE) DGVM

Aerosols (CCN) number density calculated by the K 2 ES model Altitude (km) sulfate seasalt Organic Carbon

Optical thickness : aerosols (K 2 -ES model) sulfate carbonaceous dust seasalt

Chemistry and aerosol simulation with CHASER and SPRINTARS Radiative forcing from tropospheric ozone Global mean = 0. 48 W m-2 (direct) radiative forcing from carbon aerosols

植物起源 VOCs emission のモデル化： Sim. CYCLE との結合 Guenther et al. [1995] F = De g D: foliar density (kg dry matter m-2) e : ecosystem dependent factor (mg. C kg-1 h-1 at PAR=1000, T=303. 15 K) g : correction for temp. & light Peak density (Dr : empirical coefficient) GVI (G)で季節性を考慮 G 2 : 閾値

üIPCC-第 4次報告書 関連プロジェクトへの参加 Stevenson et al. [2005]: JGR Gauss et al. [2005]: ACPD Dentener et al [2005]: ACPD AR-4のドラフトでの引用： Sudo et al [2001]: GRL Sudo et al [2002 a, b]: JGR Sudo et al [2003]: GRL 26 -Oct 2005; 共生第２ 運営委員会

IPCC-AR 4実験：モデルアンサンブルの中での位置づけ 現在実験： 対流圏オゾンの全球収支（全２４モデル） 化学生成 A. CHASER_CTM B. CHASER_GCM C. FRSGC/UCI ・・・・・ Mean ±σ IPCC TAR 消滅 沈着 成層圏オゾン 総量 寿命 P 5042 5032 5135 L 4594 4620 4733 D 948 907 STE 501 536 505 B: O 3 331 333 331 t: O 3 21. 8 21. 4 t: CH 4 8. 42 8. 37 7. 61 5056 ± 571 3420 4561 ± 722 3470 1014 ± 219 770 519 ± 195 770 343 ± 42 300 22. 4 ± 2. 0 24 8. 72 ± 1. 30 8. 4 Stevenson et al. [2005]

Exp-1 Zonal mean O 3 changes: preindustrial(R 1) present(R 2) IPCC-AR 4: Exp-1 Preind(R 1) present(R 2) Due to emission change R 2 -R 1 b Due to stratosph. O 3 change R 2 -R 1 a Due to climate change R 1 c-R 1