France The Bourbon Restoration Era 1815 1830 Objective

France: The Bourbon “Restoration” Era (1815 -1830) Objective~ Understand the situation of France after the Congress

4 Louis XVIII Constitutional monarch (liberal) made The Charter § “The Charter” § Limited royal power, upheld the Napoleonic Code. 4 Louis brother, Charles X (Count of Artois) firm Louis XVIII (r. 1814 -1824) believer of Divine Rights (Conservative) 4 Leader of Ultraroyalist fought against this (suffered from rev. ) 4 White Terror~ revenge on liberals 4 Framed liberals for murder of son 4 driven out of politics King Charles X (r. 1824 -1830)

King Charles X of France (r. 1824 -1830) 4 His Goals: § Lessen the influence of the middle class. § Limit right to vote. § Public $$$ used to pay nobles for loss of lands during Rev. § Absolutism 4 His Program: § Attack The Charter. § Censorship

CONT. 4 1830 Election liberals won majority. 4 July Ordinances § He dissolved the entire parliament. § Censorship. § Changed the voting laws to assure future conservative victories. § Charles X abdicated & exiled to England

Louis Philippe The “Citizen King” 4 The Duke of Orleans (Liberal minded) 4 His Program: § Reduced property qualifications~ doubled voters § Abolished censorship § The Fr Revolution’s tricolor replaced the Bourbon flag 4 The gov. under the control of the wealthy middle class. (r. 1830 -1848)

Louis Philippe The “Citizen King” 4 Government ignored the needs/demands of the workers 4 July, 1832 an uprising in Paris was put down by force (800 were killed/wounded) § Seen as a violation of the status quo set at the Congress of Vienna. § King Louis Philippe lost control forced to abdicate A caricature of Louis Philippe

The 2 nd French Republic (1848 -1852) G General Louis Cavaignac assumed dictatorial powers/crushed revolt. § 10, 000 dead. § Victory for conservatives. G New constitution provided for: § An elected President. § A one-house legislature. The Republic by Jean-Leon Gerome

President Louis Nap. Bonaparte (Nap. III) • The Dec. election: – The “law and order” candidate, (Nap. ) defeated Cavaignac. • The New President: – Purged the gov. of radicals. Nap’s nephew • Replaced with ultra-conservative – Quarreled w/ National Assembly • Represented himself as a “Man of the People. ” • Assembly refused to allow him to be re-elected – Regularly used forced against dissenters.

“Little Nap” staged a Coup 1851 • Pres. Louis Napoleon declared a hereditary 2 nd French Empire. • A national VOTE confirmed this (7. 5 mil) • Controlled the legislature, censored the press, harassed rebels – Supported by army, property owners, church, peasants… 1852 named Emperor Nap. III

The “Concert” of Europe 4 Goal~ balance of power (peace, maintain the status quo~ conservative) § The Congress of Aix-la-Chapelle [1816] § Removal of troops in France-France in good standing § The Congress of Troppau [1820] & Congress of Laibach [1821] § Stable gov. may intervene to restore order in countries experiencing rev. § The Congress of Verona [1822] § Joint Action~ suppress rev. in Spain (1820) against Ferdinand VII (Bourbon) Ignored constitution § Britain withdrew from continental affairs

Ap Test Prep (pg 686 -687) • Complete #s 1, 2, 3, 4, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 16