Four Worlds of History Attention all recipients of

Four Worlds of History Attention all recipients of this file: First, thank you for opening this powerpoint and considering using it! Whether the file was sent to you directly from Teresa or relayed by a colleague, CALIS and USC rely on your professionalism for proper credits and sourcing: Materials developed by or through CALIS are made available online via a database that serves as a digital file cabinet of teaching resources. The Activities Database is a free resource in support of teachers, students, and curriculum reform. When teachers or other CALIS partners write, adapt, or collaborate on materials—they are cited. The source information includes their affiliated schools or organizations. As others download and further adapt these materials—all credit and source lines, for teachers as well of for USC CALIS, should remain in tact as the original source. Slides that refer directly to items on the CALIS Activities Database have the item referenced. This file was first created for a partnership with Hawthorne School District, 2016 -2017. Teresa Hudock, Director, CALIS Initial Launch: July 6, 2016 This Edition: Jan 20, 2017 Slide Count: -- 213 -740 -7794 or calis@usc. edu/calis 1

Four Worlds: 4 W Analysis Inference Exercise Identify Factors & Trace Dynamics Table of Contents Main Items & Issues 3 – Inference Exercise… Links for student handouts on the CALIS Activities Database 4 – Example 1 – jobs & class: division of labor, specialization, class, status 12 – Example 2 – beliefs & government: divine right, monarchy, legitimate authority 27 – Example 3 – taxes: 29 – 48 – 54 – 2

Inference Exercise: Identify factors and trace dynamics Political World 4 W analysis Economic World Intro activity on CALIS Activities Database: Students should refer to “the factor sheet” – 4 W reference sheet 1 0. 0 - Four Worlds of History: Social Science Factors 6. 2 a - c) Inference Exercise - Sumer: 4 W quote activity Organize information from the quote into a 4 W analysis chart. Social World Cultural World 3

Inference Exercise: Identify factors and trace dynamics 4 W analysis “A social structure includes different jobs and social levels. People at higher levels have greater status than others… Archeologists have found evidence that several classes of people lived in Sumer. ” Political World Social World Example #1 Proceed to Step 1. Quote found in History Alive! The Ancient World, TCI, 2004 Chapter 5: Was Ancient Sumer a Civilization? – page 44 Economic World Cultural World 4

Inference Exercise: Identify factors and trace dynamics 4 W analysis “A social structure includes different jobs and social levels. People at higher levels have greater status than others… Archeologists have found evidence that several classes of people lived in Sumer. ” Political World Economic World 1 Social World Place each highlighted term in the world where it belongs. Cultural World 5

Inference Exercise: Identify factors and trace dynamics 4 W analysis “A social structure includes different jobs and social levels. People at higher levels have greater status than others… Archeologists have found evidence that several classes of people lived in Sumer. ” Political World Economic World different jobs 2 Social World After organizing highlighted terms, identify 4 W factors. Cultural World social structure social levels several classes status 6

Inference Exercise: Identify factors and trace dynamics 4 W analysis “A social structure includes different jobs and social levels. People at higher levels have greater status than others… Archeologists have found evidence that several classes of people lived in Sumer. ” 4 W factors Political World Economic World different jobs 3 Social World Which other economic factors are similar to “different jobs”? Cultural World social structure social levels several classes status 7

Inference Exercise: Identify factors and trace dynamics 4 W analysis “A social structure includes different jobs and social levels. People at higher levels have greater status than others… Archeologists have found evidence that several classes of people lived in Sumer. ” 4 W factors Political World Economic World different jobs division of labor specialization 4 What is the direction of the relationship (an arrow) Social World between the factors in these two worlds? Cultural World social structure social levels several classes status 8

Inference Exercise: Identify factors and trace dynamics 4 W analysis “A social structure includes different jobs and social levels. People at higher levels have greater status than others… Archeologists have found evidence that several classes of people lived in Sumer. ” 4 W factors Political World 5 Label the arrow! What is the relationship? What is the verb for this relationship? Social World Economic World different jobs division of labor specialization Cultural World social structure social levels several classes status 9

Inference Exercise: Identify factors and trace dynamics 4 W analysis “A social structure includes different jobs and social levels. People at higher levels have greater status than others… Archeologists have found evidence that several classes of people lived in Sumer. ” 4 W factors Political World Economic World 6 What is the significance? significance different jobs division of labor specialization Social World social structure Different jobs create different social classes. Cultural World social levels several classes status 10

Inference Exercise: Identify factors and trace dynamics 4 W analysis “A social structure includes different jobs and social levels. People at higher levels have greater status than others… Archeologists have found evidence that several classes of people lived in Sumer. ” 4 W factors Political World Economic World 6 What is the significance? significance different jobs division of labor Starting over 5000 years ago, this relationship between jobs and classes is the same today. Social World social structure social levels several classes status specialization Different jobs create different social classes. Cultural World From ancient society to modern society, this relationship between factors is a dynamic of society that still exists. Using a 4 W analysis, we can identify factors and trace dynamics of any issue in society in order to be more critical thinkers about policy and personal decisions. 11

Inference Exercise: Identify factors and trace dynamics 4 W analysis “The Sumerians believed that their kings were chosen by the gods to rule in their place. This belief made their kings very powerful. It also helped strengthen the social order, since Sumerians believed they must obey the will of the gods. ” Political World Social World Example #2 Proceed to Step 1. Quote found in History Alive! The Ancient World, TCI, 2004 Chapter 5: Was Ancient Sumer a Civilization? – page 45 Economic World Cultural World 12

Inference Exercise: Identify factors and trace dynamics 4 W analysis “The Sumerians believed that their kings were chosen by the gods to rule in their place. This belief made their kings very powerful. It also helped strengthen the social order, must obey the will of of the gods. ” order since Sumerians believed they must Political World Economic World 1 Social World Place each highlighted term in the world where it belongs. Cultural World 13

Inference Exercise: Identify factors and trace dynamics 4 W analysis “The Sumerians believed that their kings were chosen by the gods to rule in their place. This belief made their kings very powerful. It also helped strengthen the social order, must obey the will of of the gods. ” order since Sumerians believed they must Political World Economic World kings powerful order 2 Social World After organizing highlighted terms, identify 4 W factors. Cultural World beliefs chosen by the gods must obey the will of the gods 14

Inference Exercise: Identify factors and trace dynamics 4 W analysis “The Sumerians believed that their kings were chosen by the gods to rule in their place. This belief made their kings very powerful. It also helped strengthen the social order, must obey the will of of the gods. ” order since Sumerians believed they must 4 W factors Political World kings Economic World powerful order 3 Social World Add a factor. Which type of government has a king? Cultural World beliefs chosen by the gods must obey the will of the gods 15

Inference Exercise: Identify factors and trace dynamics 4 W analysis “The Sumerians believed that their kings were chosen by the gods to rule in their place. This belief made their kings very powerful. It also helped strengthen the social order, must obey the will of of the gods. ” order since Sumerians believed they must 4 W factors Political World Economic World type of government monarchy kings powerful order 4 Social World What is the direction of the relationship (an arrow) between the factors in these two worlds? Cultural World beliefs chosen by the gods must obey the will of the gods 16

Inference Exercise: Identify factors and trace dynamics 4 W analysis “The Sumerians believed that their kings were chosen by the gods to rule in their place. This belief made their kings very powerful. It also helped strengthen the social order, must obey the will of of the gods. ” order since Sumerians believed they must 4 W factors Political World Economic World type of government monarchy kings powerful order 5 Label the arrow! What is the relationship? What is the verb for this relationship? Social World Cultural World beliefs chosen by the gods must obey the will of the gods 17

Inference Exercise: Identify factors and trace dynamics 4 W analysis “The Sumerians believed that their kings were chosen by the gods to rule in their place. This belief made their kings very powerful. It also helped strengthen the social order, must obey the will of of the gods. ” order since Sumerians believed they must 4 W factors Political World Economic World type of government monarchy kings powerful order Social World 6 What is the significance? significance Our beliefs about who has authority over our lives will determine the type of government that has the right to rule over our society. Cultural World Beliefs support the type of government. beliefs chosen by the gods must obey the will of the gods 18

Inference Exercise: Identify factors and trace dynamics 4 W analysis “The Sumerians believed that their kings were chosen by the gods to rule in their place. This belief made their kings very powerful. It also helped strengthen the social order, must obey the will of of the gods. ” order since Sumerians believed they must 4 W factors Political World Economic World type of government monarchy kings powerful 6 What is the significance? significance order Our beliefs about who has authority over our lives will authority determine the type of government that has therightto torule over our society. legitimate authority Social World Cultural World divine right In the Western World, the belief in divine right lasted for over 5, 000 years till the Enlightenment. beliefs chosen by the gods must obey the will of the gods 19

Inference Exercise: Identify factors and trace dynamics 4 W analysis “The Sumerians believed that their kings were chosen by the gods to rule in their place. This belief made their kings very powerful. It also helped strengthen the social order, must obey the will of of the gods. ” order since Sumerians believed they must 4 W factors Political World Economic World type of government monarchy kings powerful 6 What is the significance? significance order beliefs During the Enlightenment, new beliefs about natural rights and individual rights took hold. legitimate authority Social World Cultural World divine naturalrights beliefs all menchosen have inalienable by the gods rights of life, liberty, must andobey the pursuit the willofofhappiness the gods 20

Inference Exercise: Identify factors and trace dynamics 4 W analysis “The Sumerians believed that their kings were chosen by the gods to rule in their place. This belief made their kings very powerful. It also helped strengthen the social order, must obey the will of of the gods. ” order since Sumerians believed they must 4 W factors Political World Economic World type of government monarchy kings 6 What is the significance? significance revolution legitimate authority Social World Cultural World natural rights rebellion social movements protest beliefs all men have inalienable rights When their beliefs changed, people fought to change their form of government. of life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness 21

How did kings have legitimate authority over their people? Political World Social World Economic World “It is God who establishes kings. They thus act as ministers of God and His lieutenants on earth. It is through them that he rules. This is why we have seen that the royal throne is not the throne of a man, but the throne of God himself. It appears from this that the person of kings is sacred, and to move against them is a crime. Since their power comes from on high, kings… should exercise it with fear and restraint as a thing which has come to them from God, and for which God will demand an account. Cultural World Jacques Bossuet, late 1600 s For over five thousands years, from the first city-states in Sumer to Hammurabi in Babylon and the pharaohs of Egypt, to the kings of medieval Europe, religious beliefs gave complete support to absolute rulers. 10 th grade Modern World History: Modern Times, Glencoe, 2006, page 176 22

How did kings have legitimate authority over their people? Political World Economic World 4 W factors type of government monarchy kings Explain the factors and dynamics of divine right. absolute power legitimate authority Beliefs support the type of government. Social World Cultural World divine right accountability only indirectly to the people… through direct accountability to God beliefs ideas Kings are chosen by God. religion 23

How did kings have legitimate authority over their people? Political World Economic World 4 W factors type of government monarchy kings Explain the factors and dynamics of divine right. sacred power divine authority Beliefs support the type of government. Social World Cultural World divine right accountability only to God beliefs ideas Kings are chosen by God. religion 24

How did kings lose their power and authority over their people? Political World U. S. Declaration of Independence IN CONGRESS, July 4, 1776 Economic World The unanimous Declaration of the thirteen united States of America When in the Course of human events, it becomes necessary for one people to dissolve the political bands which have connected them with another… Social World We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness. --That to secure these rights, Governments are instituted among Men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed, --That whenever any Form of Government becomes destructive of these ends, it is the Right of the People to alter or to abolish it, and to institute new Government, laying its foundation on such principles and organizing its powers in such form, as to them shall seem most likely to effect their Safety and Happiness… Cultural World 25

How did kings lose their power and authority over their people? Political World Economic World 4 W factors type of government monarchy kings Explain how new ideas during the Enlightenment led to revolutions against kings. power authority Social World Cultural World divine right beliefs ideas religion Kings are chosen by God. 26

How did kings lose their power and authority over their people? Political World Economic World 4 W factors type of government monarchy kings Explain how new ideas during the Enlightenment led to revolutions against kings. power authority legitimate authority beliefs During the Enlightenment, new beliefs about natural rights and individual rights took hold. Without divine right to rule, kings lost their power and authority. Social World Cultural World divine naturalrights beliefs ideas religion all men Kingshave are chosen inalienable by God. rights of life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness 27

Inference Exercise: Identify factors and trace dynamics 4 W analysis “taxes. ” Political World Social World Quote found in xx Example #3 Proceed to Step 1. Economic World Cultural World 28

Inference Exercise: Identify factors and trace dynamics Political World Social World 4 W analysis Economic World Cultural World 29

As you consider how to summarize the relationships, main ideas and significance of Sumer… Have fun reviewing with this line-up activity! CALIS Activities Database: 6. 2 a - c) Inference Exercise - Sumer: Rise of City-States 30

Have fun reviewing with this line-up activity! 6. 2 a - c) Inference Exercise - Sumer: Rise of City-States The inaugural “placard process” at Mulholland Middle School, LAUSD 31

Do you think you can find social science factors in historical fiction? Are they hiding in plain sight? Can you hear them, see them? CALIS Activities Database: 6. 2 a - c) Inference Exercise - Sumer: Changes in Daily Life 32

The Power of Words Targeting a Rich Vocabulary In the spirit of E. B. White: “Anyone who writes down to children is simply wasting his time. You have to write up, not down. Children are demanding. They are the most attentive, curious, eager, sensitive, quick and generally congenial readers on earth. They accept, almost without question, anything you present them with, as long as it is presented honestly, fearlessly and clearly. Some writers for children deliberately avoid using words they think a child doesn’t know. This emasculates the prose and, I suspect, bores the reader. Children are game for anything. I throw them hard words, and they backhand them over the net. They love words that give them a hard time, provided they are in a context that absorbs their attention. ” E. B. White, American Writer, 1899– 1985 33

Four Worlds │ 4 W Analysis a project of the Center for Active Learning in International Studies UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA Four Worlds analytical framework developed by Steven Lamy, Professor of International Relations, USC Four Worlds of social science factors adapted by Teresa Hudock, Director, and Sandy Line, Associate CALIS, USC 34

Four Worlds │ 4 W Analysis Center for Active Learning in International Studies School of International Relations UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA For more information, contact: Teresa Hudock calis@usc. edu 213 -740 -7794 Classroom materials are available free online at dornsife. usc. edu/calis 35