Four Types of Law Enforcement Agencies 1 2

Four Types of Law Enforcement Agencies 1. 2. 3. 4. Local County State Federal

LOCAL: Size of departments vary from 230, 000 + officers. n Almost 18, 000 agencies n 559, 566 officers n Appx. $52, 000 per officer / year n

LOCAL n n n Big cities pay as much as 40% more than rural towns. Columbus Police Department has approximately 400 officers. Chief Ricky Boren

COUNTY n n n Muscogee County Sheriff’s Office Sheriff John Darr Sheriff run agencies serve papers, subpoenas, make civil arrest and run the jail.

COUNTY Full service program which provides judicial, correctional, and law enforcement support. n Average pay is similar to local. n

STATE n Same powers as local agencies, but state-wide jurisdiction. n Average pay $49, 000.

STATE n Usually run crime labs, assist small local departments in investigations and serious traffic accidents.

FIRST STATE AGENCIES: n Texas Rangers 1835. n Massachusetts State Constables 1865. n Arizona Rangers 1901.

Federal Law Enforcement n Average pay $70, 000

THE JUSTICE DEPARTMENT Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives (ATF) n Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) n

THE JUSTICE DEPARTMENT n U. S. Marshals n Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI)

THE TREASURY DEPARTMENT n Internal Revenue Service (IRS) n Financial Crimes Enforcement Network (Fin. CEN)

Department of the Interior US Fish and Wildlife Service n National Park Service n Ranger Activities Division n U. S. Park Police n

Homeland Security n US Customs and Border Protection n US Citizen and Immigration Service

Department of Homeland Security n US Secret Service n US Immigrations and Customs Enforcement (ICE) n US Coast Guard

Department of Homeland Security n Transportation Security Administration (TSA) n Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA)

20 th CENTURY REFORM

WICKERSHAM COMMISSION Boston P. D. Strike 9/9/19. n Hoover ordered study of criminal justice system on a national scale. n

WICKERSHAM COMMISSION n RESULTS: n Dishonest, ineffective, inefficient, and incompetent

EARLY 1900’S n AUGUST VOLLMER, CHIEF OF BERKELEY P. D. n STARTED THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA AT BERKELEY SCHOOL OF CRIMINOLOGY

1960’S n GUIDELINES FOR SEARCHES n DEMONSTRATIONS n DRUG USE/ADDICTION n CRIME INCREASED n GOAL: IMPROVE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN POLICE AND THE PUBLIC n

1970’S n Tensions with minorities, sensitivity training, stress management

1970’s n Colleges adding criminal justice majors to curriculum therefore, highly educated recruits, more women and other minorities recruited to police work

1980’s Community policing n Unions n End of powerful chief n Increase in foot patrol and citizen contacts n

1990’s n Over 17, 000 law enforcement agencies n Over 600, 000 sworn officers n Over 200, 000 support civilians

21 st CENTURY Super cars n Ultra thin kevlar n Tracking devices for pursuit n Less than deadly force n End of racial profiling n