Four One Tissue Types Epithelial Connective Muscle Nerve

Four + One Tissue Types Epithelial Connective Muscle Nerve Membranes

Epithelial Tissue Closely joined, little or no intercellular material Avascular: no blood vessels - Covers surfaces - Lines cavities and organs - Forms glands

Covering and Lining Epithelial Tissue Simple Squamous -Single layer -Flattened cells -Allow diffusion and filtration Example Locations: air sacs in lungs, blood vessels

Covering and Lining Epithelial Tissue Simple Cuboidal -Single layer -Cube-shaped cells - Allow secretion and absorption Example Locations: kidney tubules, skin gland ducts

Covering and Lining Epithelial Tissue Simple Columnar -Single layer - Tall cells Example Locations: digestive tract, small bronchi, uterine tubes

Covering and Lining Epithelial Tissue Stratified Squamous -Multi-layered -Flat cells -Protects tissues where abrasion is frequent Example Locations: lines esophagus, forms epidermis

Covering and Lining Epithelial Tissue Pseudostratified Columnar -Single layer -Appears multi-layered -Irregular cells -Secretes mucus Example Locations: ducts of large glands, trachea

Covering and Lining Epithelial Tissue Transitional -Multi-layered -Cuboidal or columnar cells topped with dome shaped cells that look more squamous when stretched Allows stretching Example Locations: ureters, bladder

Glandular Epithelium Fxn: Secretion Exocrine: Ducts – body surface or cavity Ex: sweat glands, salivary glands Endocrine: Extracellular space – bloodstream - body Ex: pituitary gland, adrenal glands

Connective Tissue Glue tissues in place Protect against infection Widely scattered fibroblasts Create lots of intercellular material - nonliving - mixture of sugars, proteins and interstitial fluid

Protein Fibers Collagen: Flexible Resists stretching strong, thick, wavelike fibers (dense C. T. )

Protein Fibers Elastin/Yellow: elastic extensible thin fibers (loose/areolar C. T. )

Protein Fibers Reticulin: chemically similar to collagen resists physical stress not abundant thin, branching fibers

C. T. Proper Loose: -Areolar -Adipose -Reticular Dense: -Regular -Irregular

Loose C. T. Proper Areolar: Structure: - Few fibers, lots of space between - Contains all 3 fiber types - Contains macrophages and mast cells Function: -Anchors body parts -Confers immunity -Holds body fluids

Loose C. T. Proper Adipose: Structure: - Specialized rounded fibroblasts - Little intercellular material Function: -Stores fat reserves fuel insulation cushions

Loose C. T. Proper Reticular : Structure: - Resembles areolar tissue -Only contains reticular fibers -Found in lymph nodes, spleen, bone marrow Function: -Forms soft bed for other cell types

Dense C. T. Proper Regular : Structure: -Abundant parallel fibers Function: -Withstands force when applied in one direction -Attach muscles to bones or other muscles (tendons) -Attach bones to bones (ligaments)

Dense C. T. Proper Irregular : Structure: -Abundant irregular fibers Function: -Withstands force when applied in many directions -Attach organs to each other and other structures

Cartilage Chondrocytes in firm matrix -Hyaline -Elastic -Fibrocartilage

Hyaline Cartilage Structure: -Abundant in body -Bluish -Reinforced with few collagenous fibers -Resists compression Function: -Forms template for growing bones -Forms joint surface between opposing bones -Forms upper respiratory tract (trachea, larynx) -Forms costal cartilage

Elastic Cartilage Structure: -Yellowish -Reinforced with mostly elastic fibers -Allows flexibility Function: -Forms frame for ears, nose and epiglottis

Fibrocartilage Cartilage Structure: -Similar to hyaline cartilage -Reinforced with collagenous fibers -Absorbs compressive shock Function: -Forms pads between vertebrae -Forms pads associated with hyaline cartilage in knee joints

Bone -Spongy -Compact

Blood Related Tissue Softest C. T. Cells surrounded by matrix -Hematopoietic (red marrow) -Lymphoid -Blood

Hematopoietic Tissue -Stems cells produce all types of blood cells -Found in many bones

Lymphoid Tissue -Site of lymphocyte and monocyte maturation -Found in lymph nodes, tonsils, spleen, thymus of children

Blood Tissue -Consists of formed elements & fluid matrix Formed Elements: red blood cells white blood cells platelets Fluid Matrix dissolved fibers that don’t become visible until clotting

Muscle Tissue Cells have long proteins in cytoplasm - allow cells to contract 3 Types: -Skeletal Muscle -Smooth (Visceral) Muscle -Cardiac Muscle

Nervous Tissue 2 General Types: -Neurons -Neuroglia