Foundation Engineering Practical Portion Experiment No 1 Classification

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Foundation Engineering Practical Portion

Foundation Engineering Practical Portion

Experiment No. 1 Classification of Soil according to USC and AASHTO Classification System. Foundation

Experiment No. 1 Classification of Soil according to USC and AASHTO Classification System. Foundation Engineering ENGR. FAIZAN TAHIR 2

Designation n AASHTO M 145 -91(2000) n ASTM D 2487 -00 Foundation Engineering ENGR.

Designation n AASHTO M 145 -91(2000) n ASTM D 2487 -00 Foundation Engineering ENGR. FAIZAN TAHIR 3

n Scope n Tests Required for the Classification Sieve Analysis Atterberg Limit test q

n Scope n Tests Required for the Classification Sieve Analysis Atterberg Limit test q q 1. 2. Liquid Limit Test Plastic Limit Test Foundation Engineering ENGR. FAIZAN TAHIR 4

Sieve Analysis The sieves normally required are as follows Column -1 Column -2 Standard

Sieve Analysis The sieves normally required are as follows Column -1 Column -2 Standard Designation (mm) Alternate Designation (in) (75) 3 in. (37. 5) 1 ½ in. (19) ¾ in. (9. 5) 3/8 in. (4. 75) No. 4 (2. 00) No. 10 (0. 840) No. 20 (0. 420) No. 40 (0. 250) No. 60 (0. 15) No. 100 (0. 075) No. 200 Foundation Engineering ENGR. FAIZAN TAHIR 5

Procedure n n n n n Take a sample about 500 -g. of soil,

Procedure n n n n n Take a sample about 500 -g. of soil, when soil contain larger particles (gravels), bigger soil sample will be required. Carefully check all the sieves and remove any particles sticking to the sieve mesh. Sieves are arranged in the descending order of their sizes with a pan at bottom. The sieving operation shall be conducted by lateral and vertical motion of the sieves so as to keep the sample moving continuously over the sieve surface. The soil particles shall not be turned or manipulated through the sieves by hand. Sieving shall be continued until not more than 1 -percent by mass of the residue passes any sieve during 60 -seconds. Remove the sieves from the sieve shaker and carefully weigh the soil retained on each sieve. Remove the particles sticking to the sieve mesh and should be included to the weight retained. Tabulate the data and calculate the percentage passing as shown in the following table. Foundation Engineering ENGR. FAIZAN TAHIR 6

Sieve Size (mm) Weight retained (gm) Weight passed (gm) Percentage passing (75) (37. 5)

Sieve Size (mm) Weight retained (gm) Weight passed (gm) Percentage passing (75) (37. 5) (19) (9. 5) (4. 75) (2. 00) (0. 840) (0. 420) (0. 250) (0. 15) (0. 075) Foundation Engineering pan ENGR. FAIZAN TAHIR 7

Liquid Limit Test APPARATUS: 1. Knife, 2. Grooving tool, 3. Balance, 4. Liquid limit

Liquid Limit Test APPARATUS: 1. Knife, 2. Grooving tool, 3. Balance, 4. Liquid limit apparatus, 5. Drying oven, 6. Containers for moisture content determination Cassagrande Apparatus Foundation Engineering ENGR. FAIZAN TAHIR Grooving tools 8

Steps: 1. Sample as taken from the field 2. Sample after passing sieve No.

Steps: 1. Sample as taken from the field 2. Sample after passing sieve No. 40 (About 100 -g sample passing #40 Sieve) Foundation Engineering ENGR. FAIZAN TAHIR 9

3. . Making the paste 4. Paste in the Cassagrande cup 12. 7 mm

3. . Making the paste 4. Paste in the Cassagrande cup 12. 7 mm Foundation Engineering 5. Groove in the paste ENGR. FAIZAN TAHIR 10 6. Groove closed for a length of 12. 7 -mm.

Calculations: Test data Row -1 Weight of can (gm) Row -2 Weight of wet

Calculations: Test data Row -1 Weight of can (gm) Row -2 Weight of wet soil + can (gm) Row -3 Weight of dry soil + can (gm) Row -4 Weight of dry soil (gm) (Row. 3 – Row. 1) Row -5 Weight of moisture (gm) (Row. 2 – Row. 3) Row -6 Moisture content, m% (Row. 5 / Row. 4 x 100) Row -7 Test repetitions 1 2 3 4 5 No. of blows N Foundation Engineering ENGR. FAIZAN TAHIR 11

Graph: Foundation Engineering ENGR. FAIZAN TAHIR 12

Graph: Foundation Engineering ENGR. FAIZAN TAHIR 12

Plastic Limit Test Steps: 1. Take abut 20 -g of sample passing # 40

Plastic Limit Test Steps: 1. Take abut 20 -g of sample passing # 40 sieve, make a paste 2. Take 8 -g of sample and deform it into ellipsoidal shaped mass. 3. Now roll the mass into a thread of uniform diameter throughout its length Ellipsoidal shape sample Foundation Engineering ENGR. FAIZAN TAHIR Thread rolling 13

4. When the diameter of the thread becomes less than 3 -mm. break the

4. When the diameter of the thread becomes less than 3 -mm. break the thread, and repeat last step again. 5. Continue performing step-3 until thread crumbles without reaching the Diameter of 3 -mm. 6. Plasticity Index = Liquid Limit – Plastic Limit Foundation Engineering ENGR. FAIZAN TAHIR 14

Calculations: Column-2 Column-3 Column-4 Column-5 Column-6 Weight of wet soil thread + can (gm)

Calculations: Column-2 Column-3 Column-4 Column-5 Column-6 Weight of wet soil thread + can (gm) Weight of dry soil (col. 3 – col. 1) (gm) Weight of moisture (col. 2 – col. 3) (gm) Moisture content, m% (col. 5/col. 4) Column-1 Weight of can (gm) Foundation Engineering ENGR. FAIZAN TAHIR 15

AASHTO SOIL CLASSIFICATION TABLE Table Foundation Engineering ENGR. FAIZAN TAHIR 16

AASHTO SOIL CLASSIFICATION TABLE Table Foundation Engineering ENGR. FAIZAN TAHIR 16

UNIFIED SOIL CLASSIFICATION TABLE Table Foundation Engineering ENGR. FAIZAN TAHIR 17

UNIFIED SOIL CLASSIFICATION TABLE Table Foundation Engineering ENGR. FAIZAN TAHIR 17

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