Forudstninger for brugen af den tilgngelige information Informationen

Forudsætninger for brugen af den tilgængelige information Informationen, der ligger til grund for denne præsentation, er udgivet til fri afbenyttelse i forbindelse med videnformidling om dansk frøarbejde. Eneste betingelse er, at der bliver refereret til Danseed. Ligeledes må de mange billeder benyttes til videnformidling, forudsat at de bliver krediteret til angivne ophavsmænd eller til Danseed hvis ingen anden kilde er angivet. Med venlig hilsen Danseed – Center for Frøvidenskab

Indholdsfortegnelse § § § § Kort introduktion (THO) Korn (JRJ) Markfrø (BIO) Havefrø (BIO) Træfrø (MJ) Roefrø (HC) Organisering (THO) Uddannelse (CHOL) Frøkontrol (ULBM) Sameksistens (BIO) Nordisk Genbank (CA) Udviklingslande (OSL) Teknologi (BIO) Danske aktører (SVTN)

Introduktion Thomas Holst Dansk Landbrug, Frøsektionen

Under udarbejdelse Thomas Holst, Plantedirektoratet

Korn Cerealienetværket http: //www. cernet. dk/ Johannes Ravn Jørgensen Aarhus Universitet

Hvede anvendelse - global § Hvede er primært anvendt til human ernæring § Hvede kvalitet § Udbytte § Forarbejdningsegnethed § ensartethed, farve, udseende, kemisk sammensætning Johannes Ravn Jørgensen, DJF, Flakkebjerg

Rug anvendelse - global § Rug er som brødkorn kun overgået af hvede i betydning, og det vigtigste brødkorn i Skandinavien og Østeuropa § Uden for Europa er rug hovedsageligt brugt til fodder § En lille del anvendes til destillering Johannes Ravn Jørgensen, DJF, Flakkebjerg

Byg anvendelse - global § Den primære udnyttelse af byg er til: § foder for husdyr, især svin § til maltning og brygning ved fremstilling af øl og ved destillation til whisky § Til human ernæring Johannes Ravn Jørgensen, DJF, Flakkebjerg

Havre anvendelse - global § En lille del af havreproduktionen formales til produkter der indgår i den humane diæt: § havremel til grød og havrekager § valset havre til grød, mel, babymad og til fremstilling af morgemadsprodukter § Hovedparten anvendes dog til foder, traditionelt heste. Johannes Ravn Jørgensen, DJF, Flakkebjerg

Produktion og anvendelse af korn i Danmark Johannes Ravn Jørgensen, DJF, Flakkebjerg

Anvendelse af korn i Danmark Johannes Ravn Jørgensen, DJF, Flakkebjerg

Kvalitetsanalyser i korn Maltbyg § Spireenergi § Protein § Fusarium § Kernestørrelse Brødhvede § Meludbytte § Protein/gluten § Faldtal § Mykotoxiner Foder § Energi § Stivelse § Protein § Mykotoxiner Johannes Ravn Jørgensen, DJF, Flakkebjerg

Kornkvalitet Fysiske egenskaber § § Sundhed Renhed Skader Vitalitet Kemiske egenskaber § Kemiske indholdsstoffer § Uønskede sporstoffer § Proces kvalitet Johannes Ravn Jørgensen, DJF, Flakkebjerg

Kornkvalitet fysiske og kemiske egenskaber Kvalitet Fysiske egenskaber Kemiske egenskaber Sundhed Tilstand Renhed Skader Protein Uønskede sporstoffer Urenheder Vand Rumvægt Varme skade Fremmedlegemer Myko-toxiner Stivelse Kernestørrelse Insekt-skader Frø af andre arter Pesticider Olie Farve Spiring Sorts-renhed Ukendte Fiber Vand-indhold Misfarvning Ekskre-menter Mineraler Umodent korn Mider / skadedyr Aminosyrer Knækkede kerner Meldrøjer Gluten Johannes Ravn Jørgensen, DJF, Flakkebjerg

Markfrø Det regionale vækstmiljø Frøvækst Øst http: //www. froevaekst. dk/ Det regionale teknologicenter Seedland http: //www. seedland. dk/ Birte Boelt Aarhus Universitet

Under udarbejdelse Birte Boelt, DJF, Flakkebjerg

Havefrø Det regionale vækstmiljø Frøvækst Øst http: //www. froevaekst. dk/ Det regionale teknologicenter Seedland http: //www. seedland. dk/ Birte Boelt Aarhus Universitet

Grass seed production area The Danish Seed Council Birte Boelt, DJF, Flakkebjerg

Production area EU-25 The Danish Seed Council Birte Boelt, DJF, Flakkebjerg

Species in production in Denmark Main species Perennial ryegrass Red fescue Kentucky bluegrass Others Tall Fescue Cocksfoot Italian ryegrass Hybrid ryegrass Meadow Fescue Timothy Bentgrass Birte Boelt, DJF, Flakkebjerg

Danish production area The Danish Seed Council Birte Boelt, DJF, Flakkebjerg

Restrictions on pesticide use § Tax on pesticides § Restrictions on a national level § No specific restrictions at farm level § Registered pesticides § Many pesticides are not registered anymore § Few new products § Off label use Birte Boelt, DJF, Flakkebjerg

Registered pesticides § Many pesticides are not registered anymore § Few new products § Off label use Birte Boelt, DJF, Flakkebjerg

Restrictions on nitrogen use § Crop standard § 10 -15% below economic optimal rate § Total amount of Nitrogen per farm per year § Nitrogen budgets Birte Boelt, DJF, Flakkebjerg

Establishment Light and space especially for slow growing species Birte Boelt, DJF, Flakkebjerg

Screening of Pesticides Flowering 6 tillers 2 -4 leaves Control 25 50 100 200 g/ha Solvejg K. Mathiassen, DJF, Flakkebjerg

Spinach seed production - more than 70% of world production Birte Boelt, DJF, Flakkebjerg

Vegetable and flower seed Birte Boelt, DJF, Flakkebjerg

Seed tecnology Image analysis Birte Boelt, DJF, Flakkebjerg

Træfrø Martin Jensen Aarhus Universitet

Under udarbejdelse Martin Jensen, Aarhus Universitet

Roefrø ? ?

Under udarbejdelse ? , ?

Organisering af markfrøbranchen Thomas Holst Dansk Landbrug, Frøsektionen

Aktører i den danske frøbranche § 4. 000 frøavlere § Markfrøfirmaer m. kontraktavl § 2 danske § 1 hollandsk § Dansk Planteforædling A/S § Dansk Landbrug (Frøsektionen) § Forskning og forsøg § Forskningsprogram frøavl § AU DJF, Frøafgiftsfonden, DFFE innovationsloven § Projekter finansieret direkte af Frøafgiftsfonden § Dansk Landbrugsrådgivning, Landscentret § AU DJF § KU LIFE Thomas Holst, Plantedirektoratet

Uddannelse Christian Olsen Selandia, CEU

The Danish education system **) Primary and lower secondary school http: //www. studyindenmark. dk **) After schoolstart 7 years old. Christian Olsen, Selandia, Slagelse

Education in Agriculture Upper secundary education Diploma programmes (Kort videregående uddannelser) (Gymnasium) Vocationel training Futher educations • Grønt bevis • Grønt diplom • Agrarøkonom • AMU-kurser Links: http: //www. ug. dk/Internationalt. aspx (Universitetsuddannelser) BSc in natural resources (Naturressourcer) (Erhvervsuddannelser) • Jordbrugsmaskinfører • Faglært landmand • Jordbrugsassistent Higher educations AP graduate in Agricultural Science (Jordbrugsteknolog – landbrug) MSc in Agricultural Science (Agronom) Ph. D / http: //www. studyindenmark. dk/ Christian Olsen, Selandia, Slagelse

Frøkontrol Ulla Blicher-Mathiesen Plantedirektoratet

Seed testing since 1871 E. Møller-Holst Ulla Blicher-Mathiesen , Plantedirektoratet

Training www. danseed. dk/training Ulla Blicher-Mathiesen , Plantedirektoratet

Expert assistance Ulla Blicher-Mathiesen , Plantedirektoratet

Authorisation Ulla Blicher-Mathiesen , Plantedirektoratet

Sameksistens Birte Boelt Aarhus Universitet

Sameksistens / Coexistence Denmark first EU country to make rules on coexistence between genetically modified, conventional and organic crops Birte Boelt, DJF, Flakkebjerg

The Danish model Coexistence § Three groups appointed § The expert group (scientific analysis) § The legal group (liability) § The contact group (stakeholders) Scientific report Discussions Birte Boelt, DJF, Flakkebjerg

"Act on the Growing etc. of Genetically Modified Crops" § Danish Act No. 436 of 9 June 2004 § http: //www. fvm. dk/fvm_uk § § Ministerial order 31 March, 2005 Revision ? March 2008 § - applies to commercial growing, handling, sale and transport of genetically modified crops as far as the first buyer Birte Boelt, DJF, Flakkebjerg

The Act implies rules for § Control measures § isolation distance, cropping intervals, cleaning of farm equipment, handling and storage facilities § Education and certification § Information / communication § Liability and compensation Birte Boelt, DJF, Flakkebjerg

Nordic Gene Bank Christian Andreasen Københavns Universitet

Nordic Gene Bank § A presentation… Utilizing Gene Banks today; - Key words: Focus & Diversification

Nordic Gene Bank § § § Who we are… Material Documentation International collaboration Utilization § Global Seed Vault - Svalbard

Nordic Gene Bank What we do… Collect, Secure - and Use § Conserve and document genetic variation in Nordic material from plant species useful for agriculture and horticulture. § Make genetic resources and allied information available for plant breeding, research and any other bona fide use.

Nordic Gene Bank What we do. . . - Mandate The Nordic Gene Bank (NGB), an institution which § § § § Reports to the Nordic Council of Ministers Is a centre for the conservation and utilization of plant genetic resources in the Nordic countries Has mandate to conserve and document the genetic variation in Nordic material from plant species useful for agriculture and horticulture Is to make stored material available for plant breeding, research and any other bona fide use Is to foster rational co-operation between the Nordic countries in their efforts to use plant genetic resources for plant breeding and plant breeding research Is to participate in international co-operation in the conservation and use of plant genetic resources.

Nordic Gene Bank Activities focused on § Contribute to a sustainable use of plant genetic resources § Conservation and documentation of Plant genetic resources from or of relevance for the Nordic Region - cultivated species § Knowledge transfer by participating in research and education in the Nordic Countries and elsewhere § NGB surveys international trends scientifically and politically aiming at influencing the international agenda and to advice National authorities on matters concerning Plant Genetic Resources

Nordic Gene Bank How we are… organized - structure NB: Reorganization undergoing: § From 1 st Jan. 2008: § Will include: NORDGEN § Nordic Gene Bank Farm Animals § Nordic Forestry Seed and Plant Counsel § Mandate: Biodiversity – genetic resources

Nordic Gene Bank How we are… organized - structure “Internal”: § Staff - 25 persons § 4 Departments § Seed Store § Biology Department, (Agriculture & Horticulture) incl. molecular and in vitro Lab § IT- and Documentation Unit § Administrative Team

Nordic Gene Bank How we are… organized - structure “External”: Working Groups - with external experts representing scientific community, plant breeders and other relevant partners for the Gene Bank § Cereals § Fruit and Berries § Potatoes (ad hoc) § Forage Crops § Vegetables § Oil Plants (ad hoc) § Spicers and medicinal plants (project group)

Nordic Gene Bank § Based on the principle that gene banking should be: § Inexpensive and durable § Basically available for any national and regional program at reasonable cost § Not require: § much advanced planning in terms of a large storage facility § huge initial investments to get started.

Nordic Gene Bank § Partners: § § § § Working Groups!!!! National programs!!!! Other gene banks Universities & research institutions Scientific projects Breeding companies Government departments and authorities Museums Botanic gardens & parks Schools & education centers Hobby growers / Associations ”NGO’s” - networks etc.

Nordic Gene Bank Conservation § Ex situ (off-site conservation) § § seed gene bank field gene bank in vitro Cryo-preservation § In situ (on-site conservation) § on farm § protected natural habitats / wild parks § wild habitat

Nordic Gene Bank Ex situ seed bank § Active Collection (Alnarp, Sweden) § Distribution, characterisation, multiplication, germination tests § Base Collection (Årslev, Denmark) § Long term storage, rejuvenation § Safety Collection (Svalbard, Norway) § Duplication of base collection samples

Nordic Gene Bank § Material § Primary collections: § § § 17532 5067 153 557 6446 156 14 16 1554 app. 300 Special collections: § § § Cereals Forage Fruits & berries Potato Oil crops Vegetables Industrial crops Landscape Forest trees Spices and medicinal plants (in process) Lundquist mutant collection 9760 Mac. Key NIL-collection(in process) Other special cereal collections New special collections (in process) app. 5000 MIT – future/soon? 400 1321 § Varieties? - Hybrid parents? - GMO’s? - Research material?

Nordic Gene Bank International activities § Expert consultation, development of regional PGR programs § SIDA based programs: § § § IT +: § § § § § SADC - since 1989 Baltic region Eastern Africa – EAPGREN, since 2006 Balkan region – SEEDNet, since 2004 CAC, from 2007 GBIF - Global Biodiversity Information Facility TDWG – Biodiversity Information Standards ECPGR, EPGRIS 3, EURISCO Bio. CASE - Biological Collection Access Service for Europe GCP – Generation Challenge Program , on behalf of Bioversity Crop Wild Relatives – Global Portal, on behalf of Bioversity ABCD 2. 06 - Access to Biological Collection Data (Berlin Botanical Garden) ALIS - Global Accession Level Information System (in process), together with Bioversity Safety Storage: § Svalbard Global Seed Vault (Seed distributions, international, conferences, workshops, seminars)

Udviklingslande Ole Søgaard Lund Københavns Universitet

Danish Seed Health Centre for Developing Countries The centre works for reduction of poverty through improvement of seed quality and seed technology in developing countries. Particularly, the centre has expertice in seed-borne pathogens. The centre is part of Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of LIFE Sciences, University of Copenhagen. http: //www. dshc. life. ku. dk/