Fortran The overall success of Fortran is difficult

“侏罗纪”时代的语言 - Fortran The overall success of Fortran is difficult to overstate: It dramatically changed the way computers are used. This is, of course, in large part due to its being the first widely used high-level language. In spite of the inadequacies of Fortran, the momentum of the huge investment in Fortran software, among other factors, has kept it in use for nearly 60 years.

“适用至上” - COBOL 你听说过Y 2 K 问题吗？ The story of COBOL is, in a sense, the opposite of that of ALGOL 60. Although it has been used for 65 years, COBOL has had little effect on the design of subsequent languages. Perhaps the most important reason why COBOL has had little influence is that few have attempted to design a new language for business applications since it appeared. 其实，还有两个绕不过 去的名字：IBM, Do. D

Paradigm Webster字典的解释：A model or pattern for something that may be copied 阅读材料上的解释：A programming paradigm is a way of thinking about the computer, around which other abstractions are built.

问题 6： 为什么C语言被称为“imperative language”, 这样的语言中你认 为最突出的过程抽象体现在何处 ？ According to Longman Dictionary Imperative: expressing an order

问题 10： C++一般被认为是imperative 语言增加了对Object-Oriented 的支持机制而设计的。你能明 确指出哪些是“增加”的吗？ 回答这个问题的关键是什么是Object-Oriented最核心的features: abstract data type, inheritance, and dynamic binding.

artificial language constructed in 1887 by L. L. Zamenhof, a Polish oculist, and intended for use as an international second language. 谁都可以设计一个程序设计语 言，但能流行的总有它的道理 ！

A Final Remark So-called “Turing complete” language