Fortran Fortran Formula Translation Developed by John Backus

Fortran • Fortran – Formula Translation – – • Developed by John Backus (IBM) in the mid 1950 s. It was a team effort and the design goal was to produce a translation for the language they designed that produces assembly language as efficient as hard coded assembly language. Fortran is a procedural (a. k. a imperative) language. – – – This is a language that is compiled. Compile means translate. A compiler is a translator. Interpreted = Translated

BASIC • BASIC – Most famous and first interpreted programming language. • Beginners All-Purpose Symbolic Interpreted Code

Java • Hybrid Language • Compiled into CLASS files and interpreted by Java run-time environment each time program is run.

Pascal • Single Designer – Nicklaus Wirth • Design goal was to create a good language for teaching programming concepts

Ada • Large design effort by the D. O. D. in 1983 • Designer – Jean Ichbiah (team leader)

Functional Languages • LISP – MIT artificial intelligence language – Almost concurrent with FORTRAN – List Processing

PROLOG • Logic Programming • PROLOG – Programming with logic

Less Widely Used Languages • Squeak is an object oriented language, a derivative of small-talk. • Snobol (developed by Ralph Griswold) is a string processing language.

Why should we take this course? • It is required • We are CS majors and coding is our game • How can we know where we’re going if we don’t know where we’ve been? • The more languages you know the easier it is to adapt to new languages. • Put it on the resume. • Versatility • Some languages are better suited for particular tasks than others

Things Found in Programs • Declarations and instantiations • Statements – Assignments – Selections (if-else, select) – Iteration – Input/Output

ALGOL • ALGOL – Algorithmic Language – Grandfather of Ada, Pascal, Java, and many of the languages that followed it – Block structure language – Lost popularity since it did not standardize input/output • Syntax description known as Backus Naur (normal) form – Way of describing the language - Syntax describes the language • Grammar consists of: Non-terminal symbols, Terminal symbols, a start (or goal) symbol and productions (rules). • Metasymbols: | or : : = (reference handout for details)

Homework for Thursday 9/1 • Write a syntactically correct program in Mini-Language Core – syntax described in handout – may do it individually or in teams of 2 people. Names on top as well as “Homework #1 – August 30”. Printout due at start of class. • Download Force 2. 0. 8 • Buy book (Programming Languages – Robert W. Sebesta)