Fort Sumter South Carolina Since South Carolina had

Fort Sumter, South Carolina • Since South Carolina had seceded from the United States, it didn’t want Northern soldiers on its land at Fort Sumter • Southern General Bueragard tried to get the northern general Anderson to peacefully surrender Fort Sumter. Picture Credit: members. aol. com/larrykench/ W 1861001. html

Fort Sumter • The first major battle of the Civil War began on April 12, 1861. • After 2 days, the North surrendered to the South. • No one was killed but 1 soldier who was killed when a cannon backfired during the surrendering ceremony. Picture Credit: http: //library. thinkquest. org/3055/graphics/battles/images/sumteranim. gif

Rating the North & the South

The Union and Confederacy in 1861

Choosing Sides • • • New Southern States North Carolina Tennessee Virginia Texas Louisiana Alabama Mississippi South Carolin Florida Arkansas Georgia Last States to join the Confederate States

Valuable Border States • • Delaware Kentucky Maryland Missouri

Who will volunteer? • Men, Women, White and Black • For both sides people lined up to support their beliefs • Lincolns in-laws were Confederate volunteers • Harriet Tubman volunteered to help retrieve more African Americans from the south to help fight called contraband • Dr. Elizabeth Blackwell helped organize volunteers to treat the medical needs of the wounded soldiers

• African Americans in Gray and Blue • Statewide by early 1862 more than 3, 000 free African Americans had formed military organizations, called Native Guards, and offered their services to the Confederacy. They provided their own uniforms, horses, and arms and ammunition. Some were large land- and slaveowners, who, like white planters, opposed the end of slavery and the loss of their possessions. Many free blacks recognized and wanted to maintain distinctions between themselves and slaves or the newly freed. • As Union forces swept through a particular region, they attracted a large number of runaway and abandoned slaves, some of whom joined the federal army. Labeled "contraband" early in the war, former slave men and women labored for the Union as domestics, nurses, hospital orderlies, and cooks. Union officers also organized freedmen into military units, generally known as the Corps d'Afrique.

Winfield Scott’s Anaconda plan • Cut off seaports with blockade • Control Mississippi • Take Confederate Capital, Richmond

Section 2 • War in the East

The 1 st Manassas or 1 st Bull Run, VA • July 21, 1861 • The general for the confederates was Stonewall Jackson & Buearegard. • The general for the Yankees was Mc. Dowell. • The North had 387 soldiers killed while the South lost 460. • The South won the battle. Picture Credit: http: //www. multied. com/civilwar/Bull. gif

st (1 Battle of Bull Run Manassas), July, 1861

Lincoln searches for leadership • Scott is replaced with George B. Mc. Clellan 1861 • Mc. Clellan faces Robert E. Lee, near Richmond. The Seven Days Battles cost the Union 16000 and the South 20, 000 but the Union left Richmond. • The Union is forced from Virginia

2 nd Manassas or 2 nd Bull Run, VA • August 29 -30, 1862 • The general for the Confederate was Stonewall Jackson. • The general for the Yankees was John Pope. • The North lost 16, 000 soldiers while the South lost only 9, 000 • The South won the battle. Picture Credit: www. multied. com/civilwar/ Second. Manassas. html

War in the East: 1861 -1862

Antietam or Sharpsburg, Maryland • September 17, 1862 • The general for the Confederates was Robert E. Lee. • The general for the Yankees was Mc. Clellan. • A Union soldier found 3 cigars that helped the North to know what General Lee planned to do. Picture Credit: memory. loc. gov/. . . /newsletter/ august 01/feature. html

Antietam • The Battle took place in Farmer Miller’s cornfield. • The battle is known as the Single bloodiest day in the Civil War. • 23, 500 men were killed in the Bloody lane. • The name of the bridge where the confederates held the Yankees for 4 hours is called, Burnside. • The south used rocks when they ran out of ammunition. • South won the battle. Picture Credit: www. trubador. com/bridge. htm

The Battle of the Ironclads • March 8 -9, 1862 • The battle took place in Hampton Roads, VA. • The South had built an iron ship called the Merrimac or the Virginia. • The North challenged the Confederate ship with the northern iron ship called the Monitor. Picture Credit: http: //www. mandia. com/kelly/webpage/99_student_pages/merrimack_monitor/battle. jpg

The Ironclads • The two iron ships fought for 5 hours and even collided 5 times. Neither side won except the North kept the South from getting supplies from the rest of the world. Picture Credit: http: //www. mandia. com/kelly/webpage/99_student_pages/merrimack_monitor/battle. jpg

Section 3 • The War in the West • What was General Ulysses S. Grant’s strategy for the Union army in the West? • Why was the fall of Vicksburg, Mississippi, important?

Ulysses S. Grant • West Point Graduate • Determined • Unyielding • Moves in the West to gain control of Mississippi River

Battle of Shiloh • The Confederates had lost over 10, 000 men in the engagement and retreat. Fully 3, 000 died during the flight to the heights of Monterey. The National loss in killed, wounded, and prisoners was about 15, 000. The slain on the battlefield were buried; the dead horses were burned. Confederates were headed to Corinth, and Grant was about to pursue and capture it, when General Halleck, his superior in rank, came up and took the chief command, and caused the army to loiter until the Confederates, recuperated, were ready for another battle.

Naval Officer David Farragut • Sailed up the Mississippi passed the firing of cannons at New Orleans on his way to Vicksburg Mississippi

The War in the West, 1863: Vicksburg

• High bluffs allowed Pemberton to continue to fire on the Union Navy moving up the Mississippi River • Grant circled around the back of the city

Vicksburg Falls • John Pemberton attempts to maintain strength against the Union forces that were attacking Vicksburg. • After Vicksburg falls to the Union, the Mississippi River belongs to the North

Battle of Pea Ridge • The South attempted to take control over slave-owning Missouri • The North maintained control of this border state

Abraham Lincoln • President Abraham Lincoln on Jan, 1, 1863, declared the Emancipation Proclamation that freed all slaves in the rebelling states • Not the border slave holding states Picture Credit: www. branchburg. k 12. nj. us/. . . / Abe%20 Main%20 Page. htm

Who did not appreciate the Emancipation Proclamation? • Northern Democrats did not all want to end slavery • William Lloyd Garrison, did not believe enough had been done • Abolitionists wanted all slaves freed

Many needed for this long war • African American fought in the war and not only on the side of the Union • Escaped slaves were allowed to join the Union • About 180, 000 African Americans fought on the side of the Union

Northern Problems • Northerners complained because they were tired of the war • Many disagreed with the attempt to remove slavery. • Many were disgusted with the law that allowed wealthy individuals to buy out of the war with $300. 00 • Copperheads spoke against the war and caused Lincoln to tighten controls on border states. • Lincoln removed habeas corpus-meaning they arrested those trouble makers without cause and placed them in jail

Southern troubles • • Southerners were tiring of the war Not enough money Not enough ammunition Not enough people that would benefit from the right to hold slaves • Inflation going through the roof and prices of needed goods too high

Clara Barton • Read handout

Section 5 • Battle of Gettysburg

The Battle of Gettysburg, PA • The battle of Gettysburg, PA took place on July 1 -3, 1863. • Major fighting occurred around Little Round top hill. • The North won this battle. • This was the turning point in the war The South never again entered Northern territory • On November 19, 1863. President Lincoln gave Gettysburg Address. Picture Credit: www. pennhomes. com/loc. htm

The Road to Gettysburg: 1863

Gettysburg Casualties

The Progress of War: 1861 -1865

Sherman’ s March through Georgia to the Sea, 1864

Casualties on Both Sides

Appomattox Court House • April 9, 1865 Lee surrenders to Ulysses S. Grant at Appomattox, court house, Virginia. Picture Credit: http: //www. 26 nc. org/Photo. Gallery/Command. Change. Photos/Mc. Lean. House. Music. jpg