Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe in der Helmholtz Gemeinschaft Sustainable Design

Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe in der Helmholtz - Gemeinschaft Sustainable Design of Geopolymers Integration of Economic and Environmental Aspects in the Early Stages of Material Development Marcel Weil, Katja Dombrowski, Anja Buchwald Dr. -Ing. Marcel Weil ITC-ZTS Folie: 1

Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe in der Helmholtz - Gemeinschaft Development of Geopolymers supported by System Analysis A. Buchwald Bauhaus Uni. Weimar M. Weil Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe materials K. Dombrowski TU Freiberg Dr. -Ing. Marcel Weil ITC-ZTS Folie: 2

Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe in der Helmholtz - Gemeinschaft What Are Geopolymers? Alumosilicatic polymeric binders Silicate: Si-O-Si Aluminate: Al-O-Al Dr. -Ing. Marcel Weil ITC-ZTS Binder Ability to build noncrystalline networks (molecules) Folie: 3

Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe in der Helmholtz - Gemeinschaft Geopolymer Solid Fluid Binding material: • Metakaolin • Slag • Fly ash • Activated clay • . . . Alkaline activator: • Na. OH/KOH • Sodium water glass • Potassium water glass • . . . + Water Mixing Binder Setting Geopolymer Dr. -Ing. Marcel Weil ITC-ZTS Folie: 4

Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe in der Helmholtz - Gemeinschaft technical performance - high strength - resistance against acids - temperature resistance - cold setting - quick setting Geopolymer costs (LCC) Dr. -Ing. Marcel Weil ITC-ZTS environmental impact - use of secondary raw materials - extended lifetime Folie: 6

Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe in der Helmholtz - Gemeinschaft Material Development Dr. -Ing. Marcel Weil ITC-ZTS Folie: 7

Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe in der Helmholtz - Gemeinschaft Goal Selection and optimisation of the most promising geopolymer compositions for specific fields of application by the use of system analytical tools Dr. -Ing. Marcel Weil ITC-ZTS Folie: 8

Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe in der Helmholtz - Gemeinschaft Approach 3 rd Step: Detailed LCA, LCC, and optimisation of most promising geopolymers 3 2 nd Step: Streamlined LCA, LCC, and key properties of geopolymers 2 1 st. Step: Screening raw Screeningof of mineral raw materials Dr. -Ing. Marcel Weil ITC-ZTS 1 Folie: 9

Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe in der Helmholtz - Gemeinschaft • Situation: 58 raw materials (35) Dr. -Ing. Marcel Weil ITC-ZTS Folie: 10

Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe in der Helmholtz - Gemeinschaft Raw materials Secondary resources Primary resources Ceramic waste materials • tiles • sanitary porcelain • kiln lining material Slags • blast furnace slag • steel slag • copper slag • municipal waste slag Clays • kaolinitic clays • ilitic clay • dolomitic clay Ashes • hard coal ash • soft coal ash • sewage sludge ash Others • broken down masonry • brick scrap • glass industry waste Volcanic deposits • trass • tuff • basalt Dr. -Ing. Marcel Weil ITC-ZTS Folie: 11

Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe in der Helmholtz - Gemeinschaft • Situation: 58 raw materials (35) • Task: Screening of raw materials • What should not happen: Loosing valuable candidates • Strategies: 1. Select a group of promising candidates 2. Use different methods for the screening process Dr. -Ing. Marcel Weil ITC-ZTS Folie: 12

Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe in der Helmholtz - Gemeinschaft Methodes Preselection Compensatory method With weighting of the technical indicators and the objectives technology, economy, ecology/health ranking order Non-compensatory method Without weighting of the indicators and objectives selection of dominant alternatives Dr. -Ing. Marcel Weil ITC-ZTS Folie: 13

Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe in der Helmholtz - Gemeinschaft Indicators Technical reactivity (quantitative) mechanical strength (quantitative) resistance against acids (qualitative) temperature resistance (quantitative) setting time (quantitative) workability (qualitative) handling (qualitative) Dr. -Ing. Marcel Weil ITC-ZTS Folie: 15

Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe in der Helmholtz - Gemeinschaft Indicators Economy raw material costs (quantitative) costs of thermal activation of raw materials (qualitative) costs of grinding raw materials (qualitative) follow-up costs caused by slow setting (qualitative) follow-up costs caused by high water absorption (qualitative) Ecology/Health availability/consumption of mineral resources (quantitative) consumption of energy resources (qualitative) toxic load (qualitative) health and safety at the workplace (qualitative) Dr. -Ing. Marcel Weil ITC-ZTS Folie: 16

Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe in der Helmholtz - Gemeinschaft Compensatory method - Application fields Dr. -Ing. Marcel Weil ITC-ZTS Folie: 17

Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe in der Helmholtz - Gemeinschaft Compensatory method AHP (Analytical Hierarchy Process) Specifications of the application P 1 P 2. . . Pn Dr. -Ing. Marcel Weil ITC-ZTS Folie: 19

Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe in der Helmholtz - Gemeinschaft Compensatory method Ranking order of the alternatives for different application fields Problem: Determination of the cut-off level Dr. -Ing. Marcel Weil ITC-ZTS Folie: 20

Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe in der Helmholtz - Gemeinschaft Results (compensatory method) Dr. -Ing. Marcel Weil ITC-ZTS Folie: 21

Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe in der Helmholtz - Gemeinschaft Non-compensatory method „dominance concept“ • No weighting of objectives • No consideration of application field Dr. -Ing. Marcel Weil ITC-ZTS Folie: 22

Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe in der Helmholtz - Gemeinschaft „dominance concept“ Ecology/ Health °A 3 °A 1 °A 2 °A 4 A 8 ° °A 12 XA 14 technology. X ° X°A 13 X°A 15 °A 6 A 7 °A 11° A 5 ° °A 10 °A 9 Stage 1 (preselection) economy Dr. -Ing. Marcel Weil ITC-ZTS Folie: 23

Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe in der Helmholtz - Gemeinschaft „dominant concept“ Dr. -Ing. Marcel Weil ITC-ZTS Folie: 24

Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe in der Helmholtz - Gemeinschaft Conclusions • Introduction of Life Cycle Thinking in the early phase of material development is possible • Preselection is important step • too strong -> exclusion of valuable alternatives • too weak -> additional work, costs, … • Compensatory methods allows a good decision support in screening phase • Dominance concept is a powerful tool for a rough screening Dr. -Ing. Marcel Weil ITC-ZTS Folie: 25

Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe in der Helmholtz - Gemeinschaft Thank You Dr. -Ing. Marcel Weil ITC-ZTS Folie: 26