Forrestal Eastern End By Jody Lam Godofredo Galsim

Forrestal- Eastern End By: Jody Lam, Godofredo Galsim Edelina Gallegos, Nathan Appelgate

Introduction: “To those devoid of imagination a blank place on the map is a useless waste; to others, the most valuable part. ” - Aldo Leopold Importance: To compare the east end of the Forrestal Nature Reserve, which is an example of unusually intact CSS, with other areas in the Palos Verde Peninsula which much of it has been displaced by non-native species. Hypothesis: - X 0: There is no significant difference between our data and the data from Portuguese Bend

Field Site: - - - The eastern side of the reserve used to contain a quarry, and marked trails would wind around the top of the quarry. The substantial cliffs are characterized by folds, fault, igneous intrusion and sedimentary rocks. The forrestal reserve has healthy, unbothered CSS The reserves as a protected area for the CSS In comparison to other areas in Palos Verde, Forrestal Reserve has the most intact CSS, but is being threatened by invasive species, and development causing a disturbance in the environment. Quarry Trail Basalt Trail Flying Mane Trail Mariposa Trail Pirate Trail

Data and Methods Collection: - 3 transects per trail - Beginning, middle, and end - Used i. Phone GPS app for coordinates Processing and Analysis: - Few to no invasive/exotics Used chi 2 analysis to obtain our values 12 counts of bare ground, 69 rhus integrifolia, 33 salvia leucophylla, 25 artemisia californica, 10 eriogonum cinereum, 1 baccharis pilularis

Results ● ● X² calc is greater than X² crit ○ Reject the null hypothesis P value : 0. 003 ○ Smaller than the alpha. Stronger evidence against the null hypothesis Power: 0. 929 ○ Strong Alpha: 0. 05 ○ Chose an alpha level low enough to avoid a Type I error

Native vs Exotic ● ● ● Based on our data, Forrestal has more native species than exotic There were no exotic species present in our transects Forrestal is more pristine than Portuguese Bend - X² calc is greater than X² crit Significant difference between both areas P value : 0. 000 Power: 1. 000 Moderate effect size (0. 238): even though it is moderate, there can still be some significance

Discussion ● The null hypothesis was rejected because there is a significant difference between both areas. ● This means that there is more intact native CSS in Forrestal compared to Portuguese bend even though these two areas are adjacent to each other.

Conclusion ● ● ● The effect size was weak (0. 138) ○ Future studies and samples are recommended. Species in Forrestal should be monitored in order to get a scope of the overall status of CSS in the area. Data can also be used as a comparison to other areas in Palos Verdes. ○ See if those areas are losing native CSS.

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