Forms of the present subjunctive The present subjunctive
Forms of the present subjunctive • The present subjunctive is formed by dropping the –o from the yo form of the present indicative and adding the subjunctive endings. © by Vista Higher Learning, Inc. All rights reserved. 4. 1– 1
Verbs that end in –car, –gar, and –zar undergo spelling changes in the present subjunctive in ALL forms! c qu g gu z c sacar: saque jugar: juegue almorzar: almuerce The present subjunctive form of hay is haya. © by Vista Higher Learning, Inc. All rights reserved. 4. 1– 2
• Verbs with irregular yo forms show that same irregularity in all forms of the present subjunctive. © by Vista Higher Learning, Inc. All rights reserved. 4. 1– 3
• -AR & -ER verbs with stem changes in the present indicative show the same changes in the present subjunctive. Nosotros/Vosotros forms do NOT have a stem-change! © by Vista Higher Learning, Inc. All rights reserved. 4. 1– 4
• However, -IR Stem-Changing Verbs will follow their regular stem-change pattern as the present tense EXCEPT for the Nosotros/Vosotros forms which will then only change (e>i / o>u). -IR Stem-Changers will have a spelling change in ALL forms! vestirse (e: i) me vista, te vistas, se vista, nos vistamos, os vistáis, se vistan servir (e: i) sirva, sirvas, sirvamos, sirváis, sirvan repetir (e: i) repita, repitas, repitamos, repitáis, repitan pedir (e: i) pida, pidas, pidamos, pidáis, pidan sentir (e: ie)* sienta, sientas, sienta, sintamos, sintáis, sientan preferir (e: ie)* prefiera, prefieras, prefiera, prefiramos, prefiráis, prefieran dormir (o: ue)* duerma, duermas, duerma, durmamos, durmáis, duerman morir mueras, muera, muramos, muráis, mueran © by Vista Higher Learning, Inc. All rightsmuera, reserved. 4. 1– 5 (o: ue)*
• The following six verbs are irregular in the present subjunctive (DISHES), and must simply be momorized. . dar dé, des, dé, demos, deis, den ir vaya, vayas, vayamos, vayáis vayan ser sea, seas, seamos, seáis, sean haber haya, hayas, hayamos, hayáis, hayan estar esté, estés, esté, estemos, estéis, estén saber sepa, sepas, sepamos, sepáis, sepan © by Vista Higher Learning, Inc. All rights reserved. 4. 1– 6
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