Formative Assessment Before Instruction Zickeyous Byrd Formative vs

Formative Assessment Before Instruction Zickeyous Byrd

Formative vs Summative Assessments • Formative assessment is a range of formal and informal assessment procedures employed by teachers during the learning process in order to modify teaching and learning activities to improve student attainment. • Summative assessment refers to the assessment of participants, and summarizes their development at a particular time. In contrast to formative assessment, the focus is on the outcome of a program.

Formative Assessment • Assessment for Learning • Check for Understanding • Guide for teacher in future instruction • Helps differentiate instruction Summative Assessment • Assessment of Learning • Measure how much students know up to a certain point. • Provide grades and accountability

Step 1 - Determining your Before Strategy • Step 1 • Determine the Outcomes • Decide what the students will be able to do today as a result of this lesson. • Ensure that the outcome(s) of the lesson moves the students closer to mastery of content standards.

Step 2 - Planning a Before Strategy • Consider the purposes of before strategies: • • • activate prior knowledge build background knowledge generate questions make predictions discuss vocabulary establish a purpose for reading/lesson

Step 2 cont’d • Consider the content of the lesson: • Is it a new concept to most of the students? If so, choose a strategy that will allow students to build some background knowledge about the concept. • Is it a review or continuation of content that students are familiar with? If so, choose a strategy that will allow students to activate prior knowledge. • Is there vocabulary in the lesson that may interfere with comprehension for some students? If so, choose a strategy that will involve discussion of unfamiliar words. • Are there particular parts of the content that need to be emphasized? If so, choose a strategy that draws attention to important concepts.

Examples of Formative Assessments Before Instruction • • Think Aloud Turn & Talk Table Talk Pre-reading Plan Semantic Map List, Group, Label Think-Pair-Share • • Anticipation Guide Brainstorm Summary Preview & Predict Preview Chart Quick Write Five Word Prediction Question-Answer Relationship (QAR)

Turn & Talk

Preview & Predict

Table Talk

Links for Before, During & After Strategies • http: //luposliteracylounge. weebly. com/ari-literacystrategies-before-during-after. html • http: //www. slideshare. net/pilibarrera/before-during-andafter-reading-strategies • http: //www. chroniclebooks. com/landingpages/pdfs/Litte. Red. Writing_Discussion. Guide_rev 1. pdf

Formative Assessment During Instruction / Between Instruction

Examples of Formative Assessment During Instruction Observations Questioning Summaries & Reflections Discussion Response Logs Graphic Organizers Self Assessments Practice Presentations Running Records Visual Representations Individual Whiteboards Laundry Day Four Corners Constructive Quizzes Think Pair Share Appointment Clock As I See It Small Groups

*Observations * Anecdotal Notes * Label / Sticky Notes

*Questioning * Better questions allow students to think more deeply and give teachers insight into the depth of student understanding.

*Summaries and Reflections * Students stop and reflect * Derive personal meaning * Use content-specific language

*Discussions * The teacher can assess student understanding by listening to student responses and taking anecdotal notes.

* Learning / Response Logs * Students record the process they go through in learning something new. * Students include any questions they need to have clarified. Think about … What really made you think while you were learning? What did you need more help with? What did you find difficult? What did you enjoy most? What helped you when things got difficult? What did you learn?

Visual models that assist students in organizing information and communicating clearly and effectively. Graphic Organizers

Venn Diagram

Brainstorming Web Concept or Concept. Topic or Topic

* Laundry Day * Students “clean up” what they don’t know about a topic. * Students refer to previous activities and formative assessments to determine which group they need to be in. I feel like a tidal wave is crashing around me. I feel confident, but have a few questions. I understand the basics, but need more assistance. I need enrichment activities.

* Constructive Quizzes * Students gain immediate feedback from a quiz.

*Small Groups

Links • • Eight Tips for Asking Effective Questions http: //www. edu. gov. on. ca/eng/literacynumeracy/inspire/research/CBS_Aski ng. Effective. Questions. pdf Tips for Teachers - Asking Good Questions http: //www. edb. utexas. edu/minliu/pbl/TIPS/question. html#hots Edutopia: The Right Way to Ask Questions in the Classroom http: //www. edutopia. org/asking-students-good-questions Inviting Student Engagement with Questioning http: //www. redorbit. com/news/education/258931/inviting_student_engagem ent_with_questioning/ Using "Think Time" and "Wait Time" Skillfully in the Classroom http: //www. ericdigests. org/1995 -1/think. htm How to Encourage Classroom Discussion http: //www. ehow. com/how_2128561_encourage-classroom-discussion. html Classroom Instruction: The Discussion Technique http: //www. brighthub. com/education/special/articles/5481. aspx

Links • • • Real World Model of Classroom Discussion http: //learnercenteredteaching. wordpress. com/teaching-resources/realworld-model-of-classroom-discussion/ Learning (B)logs: Time to Give Students a Voice http: //edu. blogs. com/edublogs/2005/10/learning_blogs_. html Learning Logs Online: Examples and Photos of Learning Logs http: //www. learninglogs. co. uk/ Venn Diagram on a computer http: //www. readwritethink. org/materials/venn/ Printable Graphic Organizers http: //www. teachervision. fen. com/graphicorganizers/printable/6293. html Graphic. Org http: //www. graphic. org/goindex. html

Formative Assessment To Verify Learning (After Strategies) If the teacher doesn’t change the instruction when needed, it’s not formative assessment. It’s just an activity.

Formative Assessment After learning It is essential to assess students after the teaching/learning has taken place to ensure growth has taken place, and provide students with immediate feedback.

Examples of After Strategies • • • • Rubrics Exit Slips Journals Student Accountability Book Self-assessment Peer-assessment Hand Signals Traffic Light Hit the Target Portfolio Check ABC Brainstorm Four Corners Muddiest Point

Samples of After Strategies

Examples found in the classroom

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ABC Brainstorming • Complete an ABC Brainstorming Formative Assessment. o Use the ABC Brainstorming page attached o Think of a type of formative assessment that begins with one of the letters in each box. • Stop the video now and complete the activity.

Links for Exit/Admit Slips: • Readingrockets: Exit Slips o http: //www. readingrockets. org/strategies/exit_slips • Ad. Lit. org: Exit Slips o http: //www. adlit. org/strategies/19805 • Writing Across the Curriculum: Entry/Exit Slips o http: //writing 2. richmond. edu/wac/entrexit. html • Exit Slips: Effective Bell-Ringer Activities o http: //www. teachhub. com/news/article/cat/14/item/377 • Admit Slips and Exit Slips o http: //literacy. kent. edu/eureka/strategies/admit_slips 09. pdf

Links for Formative assessment strategies: • http: //www. levy. k 12. fl. us/instruction/Instructional_Tools/6 0 Formative. Assessment. pdf • http: //www. littlehoop. edu/content/images/Documents/ass essment/form_assess_strat. pdf • http: //www. elac. edu/departments/slo/doc/Formativeand. S ummative. Assessments. pdf • http: //www. isbe. net/common_core/pdf/da-form-asmtchart. pdf • http: //differentiatedstrategies. wikispaces. com/Differentiat ed+Strategies+for+Assessment • http: //marsrover. phys. uh. edu/curriculum/Common%20 Fil es/MRC_Formative_Assessment_Strategies. pdf