Formation of Western Europe Chapter 14 I Crusades

I. Crusades • Palestine – Holy land where Jesus lived and taught • European

A. Call for War • 1095 – Pope Urban II called for a war

B. Myths About Islam • Believed that Muslims worshiped many gods • Believed that

C. First Crusade (1096 -1099) • Nobles stopped fighting each other and joined the

D. nd 2 Crusade • Christian armies suffered humiliating defeats • Gained nothing and

E. rd 3 Crusade • Richard the Lion-Hearted – English King who led the

F. Other Crusades • 5 more unsuccessful crusades were attempted • Children’s Crusade –

G. Spanish Crusade • Moors – Muslims who controlled most of Spain until the

Charles Martel’s Victory in the Battle of Tours

• Spain is unified as a Christian nation • Inquisition – Church court

H. Effect of the Crusades • 1) Lessened the Pope’s power • 2) Lessened

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Formation of Western Europe Chapter 14

I. Crusades • Palestine – Holy land where Jesus lived and taught • European Christians made regular pilgrimages to Palestine • 1000 s – Islamic Turks took over the holy land Christians were no longer allowed to visit

A. Call for War • 1095 – Pope Urban II called for a war to take back the holy land from the Muslims • Crusades – Holy war to retake Palestine • Urban II claimed anyone killed fighting in the Crusades would go straight to heaven

Holy War

B. Myths About Islam • Believed that Muslims worshiped many gods • Believed that Muslims eat babies • Believed the Muslims worshiped idols

C. First Crusade (1096 -1099) • Nobles stopped fighting each other and joined the Crusades • Widespread excitement for the 1 st Crusade • 1 st Crusade was the only successful one for the Christians • Were able to recapture Jerusalem and establish the Crusader States

D. nd 2 Crusade • Christian armies suffered humiliating defeats • Gained nothing and were forced to retreat

E. rd 3 Crusade • Richard the Lion-Hearted – English King who led the 3 rd Crusade • Muslims regained Jerusalem but allowed unarmed Christians to freely visit the holy land

F. Other Crusades • 5 more unsuccessful crusades were attempted • Children’s Crusade – 30, 000 unarmed children went to the holy land • Believe that God would lead them to victory • Most were killed or sold into slavery

G. Spanish Crusade • Moors – Muslims who controlled most of Spain until the 1100 s • Reconquista – Effort by Spain to drive the Moors out of the country • 1492 – Spain ends the Moor’s rule under the leadership of Ferdinand Isabella

Charles Martel’s Victory in the Battle of Tours

• Spain is unified as a Christian nation • Inquisition – Church court that tried people for heresy • People charged of heresy were either tortured or burnt at the stake

Spanish Inquisition

H. Effect of the Crusades • 1) Lessened the Pope’s power • 2) Lessened the power of the feudal nobility • 3) Created bitterness between Christians and Muslims that continues today • 4) Increased the persecution of Jews