Formation of the Subjunctive Chapter 3 Indicative Tense

Formation of the Subjunctive Chapter 3

Indicative Tense v. Subjunctive Mood �What does the Indicative depend on? � Factual information What does the Subjunctive depend on? Some sort of doubt �Certainty �Objectivity An emotion Imposing Will Two subjects I want you to do. .

W. E. D. D. I. N. G � W-Wishing, willing, � E- Emotion (normally reflexive verbs) � D- Doubt � D- Denial, negation � I- Impersonal Expression- expresses influence � N- Need (Requesting, asking, demanding, commanding, causing) � G- God~ Ojalá que (I hope that…/ may God grant you. . . )

Let’s go way back! �Remember the Present tense endings? Er/ir Ar yo e Emos/ Nosotros imos yo a amos Nosotros tú es Éis, is Vosotros tú as áis Vosotros Él, ella, ud. e en Ellos, ellas, ustedes Él, ella, ud. a an Ellos, ellas, ustedes

The creation �Follow the same way we make usted commands �Take the yo � Drop the o � Add the opposite endings (present tense) �Ar verbs- e endings � Er/Ir verbs- a endings

Ar Verbs Hablar yo Hablemos Nosotros tú Hables Habléis Vosotros Hablen Ellos, ellas, ustedes Él, ella, usted Hable

Er/Ir Verbs Tener/ Escribir yo Tenga/ Escriba Tengamos/ Escribamos Nosotros tú Tengas/ Escribas Tengáis/ Escribáis Vosotros Él, ella, usted Tenga/ Escribas Tengan/ Escriban Ellos, ellas, ustedes

Knowing when to use the subjunctive �Set up word + que + different subject �This is how you know when to use the subjunctive

Setup Words These words, used in the first clause of a sentence, set up the use of the subjunctive in the second clause. What is said after these words may or may not happen, so the conjugation of the second verb is not the present tense as you know it. �querer (ie) = to want �sugerir (ie) = to suggest �recomendar (ie) = to recommend �insistir en = to insist �esperar = to hope �ojalá que = hopefully / it’s hopeful

Irregulars in the Subjunctive Chapter 3

Stem Changers Pensar- e to ie Yo Piense Pensemos Nosotros Tú Pienses Penséis Vosotros Él, ella, usted Piensen Ellos, Ellas, ustedes Poder- o to ue yo Pueda Podamos Nosotros Tú Puedas Podáis Vosotros Él, ella, usted Puedan Ellos, Ellas, ustedes

Forming the Subjunctive It doesn’t really matter what the “yo” form of the present is. If there is a stem change or other spelling change in it, the change will be seen in the subjunctive. Consider the following. Infinitive Present Indicative Present Subjunctive acostarse (ue) me acuesto me acueste decir digo diga divertirse (ie) me divierto me divierta dormir (ue) duermo duerma entender (ie) entiendo entienda poner pongo ponga preferir (ie) prefiero prefiera reírse (i) río ría venir vengo venga

Forming the Subjunctive -ar and -er stem changing verbs still have no stem change for nosotros and vosotros in the present subjunctive. However, certain -ir verbs do. Note the following. poder (ue) acostarse (ue) preferir (ie / i) pueda me acueste prefiera puedas te acuestes prefieras pueda se acueste prefiera podamos nos acostemos prefirimos podáis os acostéis prefiráis puedan se acuesten prefieran

Forming the Subjunctive Here are some other -ir stem changing verbs that have changes in the present indicative, present subjunctive, preterite, and present participle. dormir (ue / u for nosotros & vosotros) = to sleep morir (ue / u for nosotros & vosotros) = to die preferir (ie / i for nosotros & vosotros) = to prefer mentir (ie / i for nosotros & vosotros) = to lie divertirse (ie, i for the nosotros & vosotros) = to enjoy oneself pedir (i / i for nosotros & vosotros) = to ask for reírse (i / i for nosotros & vosotros) = to laugh servir (i / i for nosotros & vosotros) = to serve vestirse (i / i for nosotros & vosotros) = to get dressed medir (i / i for nosotros & vosotros) = to measure

Car Gar Zar Car- que Gar- gue Zar- ce Carries through all the pronouns! Cruzar- cruce, cruces, crucemos, crucen Tocar- toque, toques, toquemos, toquen Jugar- juegue, juegues, juegue, juguemos, jueguen

The irregulars Look familiar to the Usted Commands? Dar, estar, ir, saber, ser Dar Estar Ir Saber Ser Dé Esté Vaya Sepa Sea Des Estés Vayas Sepas Seas Dé Esté Vaya Sepa Sea Demos Estemos Vayamos Sepamos Seamos Deis Estéis Vayáis Sepáis Seáis Den Estén Vayan Sepan Sean

Things to remember with the Subjunctive Chapter 3

Things to Keep in Mind If there is no subject change, then there is no subjunctive. I want to go with you. Quiero ir contigo. I want you to go with me. Quiero que vayas conmigo. The second example uses the subjunctive because there is a subject change. I can, I should, I need to, I have to, I want to, I’m going to, etc. All of these are followed by an infinitive in Spanish if there is no subject change. Don’t over think this.

Things to Keep in Mind Using a phrase with “hope” in it can be tricky. Ellos esperan que tú hagas bien. They hope that you do well. (subjunctive) Ellos esperan que yo haga bien. They hope that I do well. (subjunctive) How would you say, “They hope that they do well. ”? There’s no subject change, right? Could the same sentence be said in English, “They hope to do well. ”? They hope that they do well. = Ellos esperan hacer bien. (infinitive)

Things to Keep in Mind There is no future subjunctive. Again, using esperar (to hope) or ojalá (hopefully) can be tricky. Ella espera que vengan. She hopes that they (will) come. (subjunctive) Ojalá que él aprenda. Hopefully he (will) learn. (subjunctive) Even though in English we would use the future tense, it isn’t used in these cases in Spanish. You can see that the two sentences above have two possible translations. Basically, if everything else tells you that you should use the subjunctive (setup verb / que / subject change) you should use it. But don’t forget. . . We hope that we’ll be able to go. Esperamos poder ir. (infinitive) If there is no subject change, don’t use the subjunctive.

Things to Keep in Mind Be careful with “querer”. As mentioned on previous slides, when a subjunctive sentence that uses “querer” is translated into English, the subjunctive verb is an infinitive. This confuses many students. In fact, it’s probably the #1 mistake that students make with the subjunctive. Note the following. Quiero que ellos estudien más. more. I want them to study Queremos que los niños se acuesten ahora. kids to go to bed now. We want the

Things to Keep in Mind Be careful with “querer”. It’s not always wrong to use an infinitive after querer. Remember: If there is no subject change, there is no subjunctive. I want to call them. Quiero llamarlos. She wants to come. Ella quiere venir. They want to have fun. We want to laugh. Ellos quieren divertirse. Queremos reírnos