Forging a New Balance THE WARS OF RELIGION

Forging a New Balance THE WARS OF RELIGION

Zwinglianism Zurich, Switzerland Civic Reformation Denied the mass 1529 - The Colloquy of Marburg Failed Protestantism divided

John Calvin (1509 -1564) 1541 reformed Church of Geneva The Institutes of the Christian Religion (1536) Systematize Protestant doctrine Absolute sovereignty and omnipotence of God Total weakness of humanity Predestination The Geneva Consistory

King Henry II of France r. 1519 -1559 Wife: Catherine de Medici 1559: The Peace of Cateau-Cambrésis Jousting Tournament dead Successor: Francis II

1559 -1589: Catherine de Medici “The Queen Mother” Oversaw 3 different French kings raison d'État politique

French Civil/Religious Tension The House of Bourbon • Henry of Navarre • Huguenot The House of Valois • King Henry III • The Queen Mother • “Catholic” The House of Guise • Henry of Guise • The Holy League

St Bartholomew Day Massacre August 24 th 1572 • Marriage: Henry of Navarre & Margaret of Valois • Henry of Guise: plot to get rid of Protestants • Catherine de Medici orders massacre • 20, 000 Huguenots killed in 2 weeks Almost 20 years of civil war

The War of the Three Henrys

The Royal Dynasty of Bourbon Henry of Navarre King Henry IV (r. 1589 -1610) First Bourbon Monarch Politique Converted to Catholicism (1593) The Edict of Nantes (1598) Legal toleration of Huguenots Access to universities, public office the right to fortify