Forest In Pakistan Coniferous Forest Coniferous Forest The

Coniferous Forest • The coniferous forests occur from 1, 000 to 4, 000 m

Tropical Thorn Forests • The tropical thorn forests are dominated by xerophytic scrubs. They

Sub-Tropical Dry Forests • The sub-tropical dry forests are found in the Attock, Rawalpindi,

Irrigated Plantations • The irrigated plantations were first developed in 1866 at Changa Manga

Riparian Forests • The riparian forests grow in narrow belts along the banks of

Mangroves Wetlands • The mangrove wetlands are located in the Indus River Delta. Other

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Forest In Pakistan Coniferous Forest

Coniferous Forest • The coniferous forests occur from 1, 000 to 4, 000 m altitudes. Chitral, Swat, Upper Dir, Lower Dir, Malakand, Mansehra and Abbottabad districts khyber of Pakhtunkhwa, Azad Kashmir and Islamabad district of the Punjab are the main areas covered with coniferous forests. Silver fir (Abies Alba), spruce (Picea smithiana), deodar (Cedrus deodara), blue pine (Pinus wallichiana), chir pine (Pinus roxburghii) are the most common varieties. The Coniferous forests also occur in Balochistan hills. Chilghoza pine (Pinus gerardiana) and juniper (Juniperous macropoda) are the two most common species of Balochistan.

Tropical Thorn Forests • The tropical thorn forests are dominated by xerophytic scrubs. They are most widespread in the Punjab plains but also occupy small areas in southern Sindh and western Balochistan. They are mainly used for grazing purposes, watershed protection and fuelwood. Common species are vann (Salvadora oleoides), khejri (Prosopis cineraria), kair (Capparis aphylla), etc.

Sub-Tropical Dry Forests • The sub-tropical dry forests are found in the Attock, Rawalpindi, Islamabad, Jhelum and Gujrat distri cts of the Punjab, and in the Mansehra, Abbottabad, Mardan, Peshawar and Kohat distri cts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa up to a height of 1, 000 m. In Balochistan, they are confined to the Sulaiman Mountains and other hilly areas. Dominant tree species are phulai (Acacia modesta), kau (Olea cuspidata) and hopbush) (Dodonaea viscosa)

Irrigated Plantations • The irrigated plantations were first developed in 1866 at Changa Manga in Lahore. Today they occupy about 226, 000 ha. Sheesham (Dalbergia sissoo), mulberry (Morus alba), babul (Acacia nilotica) and species of Eucalyptus and Populus are the common tree species grown in the irrigated plantations.

Riparian Forests • The riparian forests grow in narrow belts along the banks of River Indus and its tributaries. They are more commonly found in Sindh and to some extent in the Punjab. Babul (Acacia nilotica), Shisham (Dalbergia sissoo) and Tamarax dioica are the most common species. Khejri (Prosopis cineraria) and Populus euphratica are some other species. They are mainly used for lumber.

Mangroves Wetlands • The mangrove wetlands are located in the Indus River Delta. Other saltwater wetlands are located on the coast of Balochistan such as at Sonmiani and Jiwani. These support mangrove forestry, mainly of species Avicennia marina as well as bamboo species and marsh grasses of Apluda and Cenchrus.

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