FORENSIC SCIENCE Introduction Crime Scene Investigation UNITS Physical

FORENSIC SCIENCE Introduction Crime Scene Investigation

UNITS • • Physical Evidence DNA Documentation Biology Prints Toxicology Trace Evidence Serology

Forensic Science • Application of science to those criminal and civil laws that are enforced by police agencies in a criminal justice system • The business of providing timely, accurate, and thorough information to all levels of decision makers in our criminal justice system.

History • Sherlock Holmes – Created by Arther C. Doyle – Fictional character

History cont. • • Mathieu Orfila Alphonse Bertillon Francis Galton Leonne Lattes Calvin Goddard Albert S. Osborn Hans Gross

Edmond Locard • French professor • Considered the father of criminalistics • Built the world’s 1 st forensic laboratory in France in 1920 • Locard Exchange Postulate: “Whenever two objects come into contact with each other traces of each are exchanged”

J. Edgar Hoover • Director of the FBI • Established a national laboratory aimed at offering forensic services to all law enforcement agencies • Robert S. Muller – present director

Crime Lab History • First police crime lab in the world was established in France in 1910 by Edmond Locard. • First police crime lab in the US opened in 1924. • The Scientific Crime Detection Lab was founded in Evanston, Illinois in 1929. • The first FBI crime lab opened in 1932.

Investigators “The wise forensic investigator will always remember that he must bring all of his life experiences and logic to find the truth. This means common sense, informed intuition, and the courage to see things as they are. Then he must speak honestly about what it adds up to. ” Dr. Henry Lee Chief Emeritus for Scientific and the former Commissioner of Public Safety for the state of Connecticut.

Crime Lab Services • FBI • DEA (Dept. of Justice) • Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, and Firearms • U. S. Postal Inspection Service • State • Local

Units • • • Physical Science Biology Firearms Document Examination Photography Toxicology Latent Fingerprint Polygraph Voiceprint Analysis Evidence Collection

Specialists • Fingerprint Experts • Crime Scene Photographers • Forensic Pathologists • Forensic Psychologists • Forensic Serologists • Forensic Odontologists • Ballistics Experts • Forensic Chemists • Forensic Geologists • Forensic Entomologists

Specialists cont. • • • Forensic Anthropologists Forensic Artists Forensic Sculptors Forensic Linguists Forensic Engineering