FORENSIC ANTHROPOLOGY FORENSIC ENTOMOLOGY Forensic Entomology The study

FORENSIC ANTHROPOLOGY FORENSIC ENTOMOLOGY

Forensic Entomology �The study of insects and their relationship to time of death. � commonly called upon to determine the postmortem interval or "time since death" in homicide investigations.

Entomology � based on the age of the insect present • "Time Since Colonization" � number of different techniques • • species succession larval weight larval length accumulated degree hour technique

Accumulated Degree Hours � Technique used to determine Eclosion • period of time it takes an insect to hatch from a fresh egg. � Eclosion times have been tabulated to complete this development in various insect species. � In a blow fly, this time has been determined to be 21. 2 hours � ADH = Temperature in C x Eclosion of species

Accumulated Degree Hour � Based on a mean temperature of 20 degrees C � For a blow fly • ADH = 20 deg C x 21. 2 hours • Average ADH = 424 degree hours for a blow fly to emerge from its egg • For a specific environmental temperature ADH is divided by the temperature

Calculating Eclosion using ADH � For a specific environmental temperature � Average � At ADH is divided by the temperature 25 degrees C 424 hours / 25 = 17 hours �Eclosion of a blow fly at 25 C = 17 hours

SERIAL KILLERS CASE STUDY 1 OCT 6 �Who is the most notorious serial killer to have never been brought to justice?

Background �Jack the Ripper � Brutally murdered 5 women from Aug 31 to Nov 9 of 1888 in Whitechapel, London. • Mary Ann Nichols, Annie Chapman, Elizabeth Stride, Catherine Eddowes and Mary Jane Kelly � Following the 5 th murder, the killings stopped as suddenly as they began. � The question remains: Who was Jack the Ripper?

The Victims � Each new murder was more gruesome and violent than the previous one. � All five women killed within 1/4 of a mile.

Who was Jack the Ripper? �There are many theories about the true identity of Jack the Ripper, his actions, and behavior. �Let’s discuss some of these theories now.

Why did he kill? The Ripper Theories �He was a doctor, in the military, or a butcher. �He removed various organs and other body parts from his victims. �He was a psychopath. �They were revenge killings.

Jack the Ripper CASE STUDY �Jack the Ripper Part I �http: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=i 9 Brtq 4 n LOM

ADH Review �Eclosion for a black blow fly has been determined to be 23 hours. An average ADH for this insect is 424 degree – hours. �What was the environmental temperature of the crime scene where these insects were collected? �Would you expect the temperature to higher or lower than 20 degrees C? WHY?

ADH Review 424 deg – hours _______ = Eclosion time Enviro Temp �Solve for Enviro Temp. 424 deg-hours Enviro Temp = ______ = 18. 4 deg C 23 hours

Life Cycle of the Blow Fly �Blow Flies are most commonly the first insects to infest a dead body. �Lay eggs around natural body orifices • Nose • Eyes • Ears • Anus • Penis • Vagina • Open Wounds (Gun shot, Stab, Puncture wounds)

Life Cycle Stages of a Blow Fly �Stages • 1. Egg • 2 – 4. Larva • 5. Pupa • 6. Adult

Life Cycle � 1 St Stage Eggs � 2 Nd Stage First Stage Larva hatch from eggs • Maggots feed on dead tissue. � 3 rd Stage Second Stage Larva Molts from first stage larva � 4 th Stage Third Stage Larva Molts from second stage larva Masses of third stage maggots produce enough thermal energy to increase ambient temperature up to 10 deg C

Life Cycle � 5 th Stage Third stage Larva molts into Pupa � 6 th Stage Pupa develops into adult fly � Approximately � Depends 2 weeks from egg to adult on species and environmental conditions Temperature/Exposure/Humidity

Oct 8 �The Diary of Jack the Ripper Part II �Complete the question set. �http: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=e. NXTWt cs. An. U

Decomposition of a Body � Insects will immediately colonize a body. • Bacteria, Fungi, and animals • Depends upon where the body is located • Environmental conditions • Some insects thrive in the sun vs. shady conditions � Also dependent upon stage of decomposition • Beetles will consume bone and cartilage � Leakage of body fluids will lead to the disappearance of some insects and the appearance of others.

Stages of Decomposition � 1. Fresh Stage – blow flies • Ants � 2. Bloated Stage – putrefaction begins • Rove beetles and Carrion beetles � 3. Active Decay Stage • Maggots feed around natural orifices of body � 4. Advanced Decay Stage • Beetles � 5. Dry Stage • Centipedes, millipedes, cockroaches

Stages of Decomposition � 1. 4. � 2. 5. � 3.

AGENDA OCT 14 �Objective: Describe the steps used to collect insects from a crime scene. � 1. Question of the Day � 2. Hand in “Missing Children” Summary � 3. Collection of Insects and Applications � 4. Jack the Ripper Case Study

The Body Farm - Decomposition �http: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=V_Siq. N D 9 b. NA �Decomposition of a Pig �http: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=R 1 CD 6 g Nmhr 0

Investigation and Collection of Insects from a Body � 1. Look at fauna and test soil to see if body has been moved. � 2. Collect specimens from different areas of the body, clothing, surrounding environment (indoor/outdoor) � 3. Collect 100 maggots � 4. Collect pupae from body, clothing, hair, soil � 5. Collect empty pupal cases from body, clothing, and surroundings

Investigation and Collection of Insects from a Body � 6. Collect adult flies � 7. Collect beetles � 8. Collect any other insects at scene � 9. Collect leaf litter near remains of body if outdoors (enough to fill a coffee can). � 10. Place all insects in vials with food

Labeling and Exclusions �Keep insects collected from different parts of the body separate from one another. �Insects would not be present if the body is wrapped in plastic, buried deep underground, and frozen or freezing temperature/conditions

General Applications �Detection of abuse in children �Neglect in the elderly �Automobile/Aircraft accident studies �Interpretation of blood spatterns �Determination of time of death �Recovery of human blood from digestive tract �Toxicological analysis

Diary of Jack the Ripper Part II �Pay careful attention to the timeline of events and the evidence presented to you. �Complete the question set. �http: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=e. NXTWt cs. An. U

Accident and Criminal Investigations � Insects theorized to be within the top 20 causes of automobile accidents • What evidence would support this statement? • Consider an automobile accident. Examination of the fragmented remains of insects that have impacted and lodged onto the front fascia, windshield, and radiator of automobiles. � Yields evidence to the probable path of an automobile through particular areas • Pinpointing the location and areas of travel are of unique importance in some investigations �

THE RIPPER DIARY Part 3 �Jack the Ripper Part III �http: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=ytsal 4 gc wp. A

THE BODY FARM �http: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=GCyicz Ac. RBY